Investigation of electron-runaway in the slow toroidal  -Z pinch, LT1

Morton, A.H.; Srinivasacharya, K. G.

doi:10.1088/0032-1028/14/7/003

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…At q(a) = 6, the X-ray energy was spread fairly uniformly over the range 350-700 keV. Interpretation of radiation measurements is limited without a knowledge of the energy distribution function of the electrons producing them [ 19,20]. However (keeping in mind the lower energy cut-off at 50 keV), the measured energies do fall within the range of what might be expected from electrons whose energies are represented by the curves of Fig.…”

Section: Fig6 Maximum Runaway Energy Inmentioning

confidence: 85%

Runaway electrons and rational-q surfaces in a tokamak

et al. 1983

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A study of runaway electrons has been made during the current rise stage of discharges in tokamak LT-4. The bremsstrahlung from a small target just inside the plasma boundary was measured as a function of q (target). The correlation between X-ray bursts and integer q was established over a large range of q-values. It is suggested that lower-energy runaway electrons are carried with the expanding integer-q regions and that an upper limit could be placed on the energy of electrons surviving within the plasma.

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Section: Fig6 Maximum Runaway Energy Inmentioning

confidence: 85%

Runaway electrons and rational-q surfaces in a tokamak

et al. 1983

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“…Runaway electrons in the discharge are detected by the observation of thick-target bremsstrahlung from a molybdenum probe inserted vertically into the plasma [15]. X-rays emitted through a port opposite that through which the probe is inserted are detected by a Nal(Tl) scintillator and photomultiplier.…”

Section: Runaway Electron Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The skin effect and its relaxation in tokamak LT-3

Hutchinson

Morton

1976

Nucl. Fusion

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A hollow current profile is observed to form in the early stages of the Canberra tokamak LT-3. A helical perturbation appears, of the mode predicted by resistive MHD theory (m = 4, n = 1) for the measured q-profile. Subsequently, the plasma relaxes rapidly to a state of approximately uniform current. Runaway electrons diffuse very rapidly during this period with step sizes round the torus of up to 1 cm. These are indicative of a disruption of the magnetic surfaces, probably as a result of the growth of the helical perturbation.

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“…The X-rays are detected by a Na(Tl) crystal scintillator and photomultiplier [ 7] . The electron energies are then resolved in one of two ways, either by absorber filtering and subsequent deconvolution as in Ref.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Lt-3 Prebreakdownmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Properties of (SN)_xFilm Evaporated on Low Temperature Substrate

Yoshino

Makio

Kaneto

et al. 1977

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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The Canberra Tokamak LT-3 exhibits a delay between the application of the toroidal electric field and the main rise in gas current indicating bulk ionization of the gas. During this "prebreakdown" phase the electric field is high and the current is dominated by runaway electrons. The rotational transform is very low, however, and the condition for compensation of transverse particle drifts is not satisfied. A theoretical model is considered which includes only the curvature drift of the runaways. This provides estimates of the maximum energy an electron achieves before it is lost to the walls and a critical condition on the current when the transition to particle containment and total gas breakdown should occur. Measurements of runaway electron energies and gas currents in LT-3 are in agreement, within experimental and theoretical accuracy, with the predictions of the model. The effect of a compensating perpendicular magnetic field also confirms the model. The mechanisms governing the duration of the delay to breakdown remain obscure. In view of the short particle lifetime a means of re-introducing electrons, such as secondary emission, seems indicated. The prebreakdown phase may be avoided by pre-ionization to densities above a critical value. The particle drifts are then compensated and no delay occurs before the onset of exponential ionization increase.

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Investigation of electron-runaway in the slow toroidal -Z pinch, LT1

Cited by 17 publications

References 1 publication

Runaway electrons and rational-q surfaces in a tokamak

Runaway electrons and rational-q surfaces in a tokamak

The skin effect and its relaxation in tokamak LT-3

Electrical Properties of (SN)_xFilm Evaporated on Low Temperature Substrate

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Investigation of electron-runaway in the slow toroidal -Z pinch, LT1

Cited by 17 publications

References 1 publication

Runaway electrons and rational-q surfaces in a tokamak

Runaway electrons and rational-q surfaces in a tokamak

The skin effect and its relaxation in tokamak LT-3

Electrical Properties of (SN)xFilm Evaporated on Low Temperature Substrate

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Electrical Properties of (SN)_xFilm Evaporated on Low Temperature Substrate