Benzyl thiophene-2-carbodithioate and 2-methyl-2-(4-methylcyclohex-3-enyl)propyl thiophene-2-carbodithioate were synthesized. The reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerizations of styrene with benzyl thiophene-2-carbodithioate and 2-methyl-2-(4-methylcyclohex-3-enyl)propyl thiophene-2-carbodithioate as chaintransfer agents and with 2,2 0 -azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator were carried out. The polymerization kinetics were investigated. An ab initio calculation method was used to explore the differences between benzyl thiophene-2-carbodithioate and benzyl benzodithioate. The structure of the obtained polymers was characterized with 1 H-NMR. Chain-extension experiments of the obtained polymer with styrene were carried out.