This report highlights the synthesis of only the second green polymer in the literature, which possesses superior properties over the first: a highly transmissive light blue color in the oxidized state with high optical contrast and excellent switching properties.

Polymer electrochromism has been considered one of the liveliest branches of conducting polymer research, a tradition continued in the last decade. We have witnessed numerous significant advances, making commercial applications closer than ever. This feature article highlights these advances by separating them into 3 sections. The material design section emphasizes the new molecular structures that have been utilized as electrochromic materials and their promising results. The color control of polymeric electrochromics section focuses on the recent achievements towards realization of full color electrochromic display devices, lastly the advances en route commercial applications section demonstrates how some of the major drawbacks towards commercialization have been successfully addressed.

Polymers that have one of the three complementary colors (red, green, and blue, RGB) in the reduced state and high transmissivity in the oxidized state are key materials towards use in electrochromic devices and displays. Although many neutral-state red and blue polymers have been reported up to date, neutral-state green polymeric materials appear to be limited only to the ground-breaking work of Sonmez et al. [1] and a benzothiadiazole-based polymer from our group.[2] Besides these materials, green polymers with highly transmissive oxidized states, excellent optical contrasts, fast switching times, and advanced long-term switching stabilities are essentially missing in the literature. In this report, the synthesis of two novel donor-acceptor-type polymers with satured green colors in the reduced state, namely poly[2,3-bis(4-tert-(PTBPEQ) and poly [2,3-diphenyl-5,8-(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-7-yl)quinoxaline] (PDPEQ), is addressed. PTBPEQ is shown to be an outstanding green electrochromic material with the highest optical constrast in the visible region reported to date. PTBPEQ is highly transmissive in the oxidized state, and the electroactivity of the polymer remains intact even after cycling 5000 times between its fully reduced and oxidized states. Very fast switching times and ease of electrochemical synthesis make this polymer a paramount choice as the green component for the completion of RGB color space. A great deal of attention has been focused on conjugated polymers since they are potentially useful materials for a broad range of applications like photovoltaic devices, [3] lightemitting diodes (LEDs), [4] field effect transistors, [5] sensors, [6] and electrochromic devices. [7] A reversible optical change observed in a material because of an applied external voltage is defined as electrochromism. In particular, optically responsive conductive polymer systems that reveal electrochromism are particularly required for their potential use in data storage and display technologies. Even though many inorganic materials, especially tungsten oxides, have been utilized over the past three decades, [8] the use of conjugated polymers as active layers in electrochromic devices has received enormous attention because of their high optical contrasts, [9] fast switching times, [10,11] processability, [12] and fine-tuning of the bandgap by structure modification.[13] On the other hand, for potential application of electrochromic materials in display technologies, one should have to create the entire color spectrum and this can be only achieved by having materials with additive or subtractive primary colors in their neutral states. Unfortunately, most of the polymers studied so far mainly absorb/reflect blue and red colors. Having one dominant wavelength is the main reason for this. To obtain a green color there should be at least two simultaneous absorption bands in the red and blue regions of the visible spectrum, and these bands should also be controlled with the same applied potential. All this complex...

A new donor-acceptor type polymer poly (4,7-bis(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)-2-dodecyl-2H-benzo [1,2,3] triazole) (PBEBT) was synthesized and its electrochromic properties were investigated. Spectroelectrochemistry studies for PBEBT showed an absorption maximum at 618 nm which is nearly identical to that of poly(ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) where polymer has a saturated blue color in its neutral state. However, PBEBT film revealed better properties than that of PEDOT in terms of optical contrast, switching time and coloration efficiency. Additionally, electrochemical and spectral results conclude that PBEBT is a both p-and n-type dopable polymer. PBEBT proved to be a superior option for electrochromic display device applications.

Benzotriazole (BTz) containing polymers have recently emerged in organic electronic applications and they are increasingly attracting a great deal of attention. These polymers are reviewed from a general perspective in terms of their potential use in three main fields, electrochromics (ECs), organic solar cells (OSCs) and organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). In order to have a better insight into the properties of these polymers, they were compared with similar polymers. Good solubility, optical and electronic properties and synthetic availability make them multipurpose materials. They combine many desired properties in polymers and their use in different device applications is examined in detail.