Investigation of condensation reaction during phenol liquefaction of waste woody materials

Wang, Qingyue; Mitsumura, N.; Chen, Q.; Sarkar, Animesh; Kurokawa, Haruhisa; Sekiguchi, K.; Sugiyama, K.

doi:10.2495/sdp-v9-n5-658-668

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The woody samples, phenol and catalyst (H2SO4) were each measured when necessary and then mixed in a 300 mL three-neck reaction flask equipped with a stirrer and a reflux condenser [8]. Then, the reaction flask was immersed in a preheated oil bath.…”

Section: Liquefaction Of White-rotted Woody Samples and Measurement Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of liquefied waste bamboo and white-rotted wood

Wang¹,

Takahashi²,

Takahashi³

et al. 2015

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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Due to the depletion of fossil fuel resources, the utilization of sustainable and renewable biomass is studied in various fields. Wood liquefaction is one of the applicable methods for material utilization of waste biomass. In this study, valueless waste bamboo and white-rotted wood were liquefied for reuse as an alternative plastic material. The waste bamboo samples were liquefied in polyethylene glycol (PEG) with sulfuric acid as a catalyst. Then, the molecular weight distribution of the contents of the liquefied bamboo samples was analyzed using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and the residue mass was also measured in order to investigate the residue contents. At the same time, the whiterotted woody samples were liquefied in phenol with sulfuric acid as a catalyst. Rotted woody samples and liquefied contents were analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and determined by GPC, and the residue contents were also compared with the results of non-rotted woody samples. The waste bamboo samples were liquefied effectively under the reaction conditions of a temperature of 150°C, the acidic catalyst of 12% H2SO4 and 1/4 proportion of bamboo samples to solvent, respectively. The residue contents were the lowest at a reaction time of 30 minutes, and after that they were increased a reaction progressed. With the help of GPC analysis, it was found that the peaks of the contents of the liquefied bamboo samples at the initial reaction stage appeared at a high molecular weight distribution, which disappeared when the reaction progressed. When the white-rotted woody samples were liquefied, due to the low powder density, the samples did not perform well at the initial reaction stage. From GPC analysis of the liquefied contents, the liquefied tendency and the residue

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Section: Liquefaction Of White-rotted Woody Samples and Measurement Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of liquefied waste bamboo and white-rotted wood

Wang¹,

Takahashi²,

Takahashi³

et al. 2015

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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“…All these techniques have their own operational materials, processing system, and layer creation technique [83]. Novel materials with unique combinations of properties can be designed using these techniques [84,85]. The development of AM technologies could significantly impact other non-technical areas.…”

Section: Rapid Prototyping and Additive Manufacturing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Bio-Nanomaterials for Medical Implants and Feasibility Studies on Fabrication of Such Implants by Additive Manufacturing Technique

Velu

Calais

Jayakumar³

et al. 2019

Materials

100

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Nanomaterials have allowed significant breakthroughs in bio-engineering and medical fields. In the present paper a holistic assessment on diverse biocompatible nanocomposites are studied. Their compatibility with advanced fabrication methods such as additive manufacturing for the design of functional medical implants is also critically reviewed. The significance of nanocomposites and processing techniques is also envisaged comprehensively in regard with the needs and futures of implantable medical device industries.

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“…Liquefaction is one of the technologies for producing resin, which has traditionally been produced from petroleum, but with the advantage of saving petroleum resources; therefore, a higher rate of biomass is preferred. The effect of condensation is known to impede a higher rate of biomass in liquefied wood [6]- [8]. Pre-treatment is used to inhibit condensation [9]- [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decayed Woody Material From Mushroom Cultivation: Characterization of Liquefaction

Wang

Kawamura

2018

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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Decayed woody material from mushroom cultivation is one of the most important waste materials in Japan, as almost 300 tonnes are released each year. It is nearly impossible to reuse these resources, because of the damage to its original form and deterioration of its strength. These decayed woody materials could be used to create a valid chemical product from the main components' decomposition: this could reduce waste material and its environmental impact, especially in developing countries. This article focuses on the liquefied portion of decayed woody materials that is released from mushroom cultivation. By analysis of the products from major woody holocellulose (i.e. cellulose and hemicellulose) and lignin, we found the same ratios of weight loss in decayed woody samples, compared with the original woody samples. All the main components of the decayed wood were partially degraded. The crystallinities within woody samples were decreased with sufficient long-term decay. After these decayed woody samples were liquefied and compared with the original samples, we conducted liquefaction tests using ethylene glycol, glycerine, and the catalyst sulfuric acid. The ratios of residue during liquefaction showed that the liquefied characteristics of decayed woody material released from mushroom cultivation were equal to or less than that of the original wood. In addition, the results as determined by a Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the liquefied ratios of decayed woody samples could be equal to or higher than those original woody samples without decay.

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Investigation of condensation reaction during phenol liquefaction of waste woody materials

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Characterization of liquefied waste bamboo and white-rotted wood

Characterization of liquefied waste bamboo and white-rotted wood

A Comprehensive Review on Bio-Nanomaterials for Medical Implants and Feasibility Studies on Fabrication of Such Implants by Additive Manufacturing Technique

Decayed Woody Material From Mushroom Cultivation: Characterization of Liquefaction

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