Investigation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and cellulose nanofibers (CNF) as thermal barrier and strengthening agents in pigment-based paper coatings

Hutton-Prager, Brenda; Ureña-Benavides, Esteban E.; Parajuli, Sanjiv; Adenekan, Kolawole

doi:10.1007/s11998-021-00538-1

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The SEM images show a more uniform morphology and fiber separation, as shown in Figure 4, of all samples (CB, CT, 4B, A and B) [18]- [20], [22], [27], [ 31], [38], [42]- [44]. In the CB sample, it is possible to notice that the fibers are still very aggregated, and that all non-cellulosic components are present.…”

Section: Sem and Tem Analyzesmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…In Figure 5, it presents the micrograph obtained in the TEM, in sample "A" nanofibers were clearly observed in the form of agglomerated needles with a diameter of 9 nm, in sample "B" the diameter of the nanofibers was smaller, being 6 nm, the images reveal a characteristic of thinner, elongated and agglomerated fibers [18]- [20], [22], [27], [31], [38], [42]- [44]. The lower stability of cellulose nanofibers can be explained by the replacement of hydroxyl groups by acid sulfate groups during hydrolysis, which reduces the activation energy for cellulose degradation, making the sample less resistant to pyrolysis, and leads to dehydration reactions that releases water and catalyzes the decomposition of cellulose [18].…”

Section: Sem and Tem Analyzesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extraction of Cellulose Nanofibers Using Food Packaging

Gomes¹,

Falla²,

Leão³

2023

JER

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Solid waste from food packaging is accumulated in urban waste in abundance. It is widely recognized that the composition of this packaging is 75% paperboard, 20% polyethylene and 5% aluminum; so it is necessary to look for solutions to minimize the impact of discarding these packets. Currently, there is a great motivation to study renewable materials, which have great potential for the development of nanomaterials due to their physical-mechanical properties, properties such as: high surface area, colloidal stability, mechanical resistance and low toxicity. Thus, this work aimed to characterize the cellulose nanofibers obtained from milk food packaging. For this, the cellulose fibers contained in the paperboard underwent pretreatment, bleaching and then were subjected to acid hydrolysis. The resulting cellulose nanofibers were then characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) and ray diffraction analysis. -X. The result of the FTIR spectra showed the efficiency of removal of non-cellulosic constituents. In addition, the cellulose nanofibers obtained were in the form of elongated needles, with a diameter between 6 and 9 nm, in addition to high crystallinity, good thermal stability and high dispersion.

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Section: Sem and Tem Analyzesmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Sem and Tem Analyzesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of Cellulose Nanofibers Using Food Packaging

Gomes¹,

Falla²,

Leão³

2023

JER

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“…The well-known unique properties of CNFs such as the high specific surface area, the nanometer wide and micrometer length dimensions, the combination of unique intrinsic mechanical strength with good flexibility properties, and the ability of strong hydrogen bonding along the nanofibers or with other different matrices motivate their application in different areas including papermaking. CNFs can improve mechanical, barrier (air, moisture, oil, and thermal), and printability properties, and reduce paper weight products [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Nevertheless, due to the negative effect of CNFs on the drainage of water during paper sheet formation as a result of their very small size, very high water holding capacity, and ability to fill empty spaces between the pulp fibers and clog pores of the wet web [ 27 , 29 , 30 ], applying CNFs as a surface coating after paper sheet formation instead of applying them as a paper additive has resulted in increasing interest for improving paper properties and the production of novel paper products [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose Nanofibers/Pectin/Pomegranate Extract Nanocomposite as Antibacterial and Antioxidant Films and Coating for Paper

et al. 2022

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Bio-based polymer composites find increasing research and industrial interest in different areas of our life. In this study, cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) isolated from sugar beet pulp and nanoemulsion prepared from sugar beet pectin and pomegranate extract (PGE) were used for making films and used as coating with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities for paper. For Pectin/PGE nanoemulsion preparation, different ratios of PGE were mixed with pectin using ultrasonic treatment; the antibacterial properties were evaluated to choose the formula with the adequate antibacterial activity. The antioxidant activity of the nanoemulsion with the highest antimicrobial activity was also evaluated. The nanoemulsion with the optimum antibacterial activity was mixed with different ratios of CNFs. Mechanical, greaseproof, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial properties of the CNFs/Pectin/PGE films were evaluated. Finally, the CNFs/Pectin/PGE formulation with the highest antibacterial activity was tested as a coating material for paper. Mechanical, greaseproof, and air porosity properties, as well as water vapor permeability and migration of the coated layer from paper sheets in different media were evaluated. The results showed promising applicability of the CNFs/Pectin/PGE as films and coating material with antibacterial and antioxidant activities, as well as good stability for packaging aqueous, fatty, and acidic food products.

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