Investigation of carbon monoxide in heavy traffic intersections of municipal districts

Malakootian, Mohammad; Yaghmaeian, Kamyar

doi:10.1007/bf03325837

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Vehicle emissions are identified as one of the most important sources of urban air pollution (Kho et al 2007;Malakootian and Yaghmaeian 2004), especially in some megacities such as Beijing and Guangzhou (Du et al 2012;Hao et al 2001;Zhang et al 2013;Zhou et al 2010). China's government has been making great efforts to control vehicle emissions in order to improve urban air quality .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of load mass on real-world PM1 mass and number emissions from a heavy-duty diesel bus

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2014

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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On-road emission profiles of ultra-fine particle matter with aerodynamic diameter \1 lm (PM 1 ) were obtained from a Euro IV diesel bus in Beijing under two typical load mass conditions. PM 1 mass and number emissions were recorded second by second using an electrical low-pressure impactor (ELPI). An on-road driving mode binning method was applied to relate instantaneous emission rate with real-time on-road driving conditions, and an engine-operating mode binning method was used to explore the impacts of engine load on PM 1 emission characteristics. Our results show that higher load mass will increase both particle mass and number emissions. Measured PM 1 mass emission factors were 0.147 and 0.185 g/ km under low and high load mass conditions, respectively. PM 1 number emission factors were 3.71 9 10 13 and 4.58 9 10 13 #/km. In addition, load mass also influenced the size-resolved concentration of PM mass and number from that sampled bus. For example, under low load mass conditions, an obvious peak of PM number concentration was observed situated in the second channel of the ELPI corresponding to the median diameter 63 nm. By contrast, peak concentration of the PM number was increased under high load mass conditions and situated in the third channel of the ELPI corresponding to the median diameter 109 nm.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of load mass on real-world PM1 mass and number emissions from a heavy-duty diesel bus

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2014

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Once inhaled, CO forms a strong bond with hemoglobin producing carboxyhemoglobin (COHb). Thus, putting a strain on tissue with high oxygen demand, such as the heart and the brain since it impairs the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood (Malakootian & Yaghmaeian, 2004). A person can experience subtle cardiovascular, respiratory, and neurobehavioral effects when exposed to low concentrations of CO around 10 ppm (20 x 10 17 inhaled molecules).…”

Section: Tropospheric Concentration Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Road Traffic Emissions in a Densely Populated Residential Area of Kuwait

Jallad¹,

Espada-Jallad²

2012

ENRR

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Analysis of road traffic emissions in the Salmiyah residential area of Kuwait was conducted over a period of 12 months, from March 2008 to February 2009. Salmiyah is a densely populated area, mainly by expatriates. Apartment buildings are the dominant type of dwellings available in Salmiyah. Major highways surround this residential area where heavy traffic congestion occurs during rush hours. The objectives of this work were: to monitor ambient tropospheric levels of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), and ozone (O 3 ), to understand their diurnal behaviors, and to study their seasonal trends. The results of this study indicated that (i) CO, NO 2 , SO 2 , NMHC and O 3 exceeded the ambient air quality standards during specific times of the year; (ii) the diurnal patterns for CO, SO 2 , NO 2 , and NMHC showed three peaks which were directly dependent on high traffic density, while only two daily maxima were observed in the case of O 3 ; (iii) O 3 compared to the other gaseous pollutants exhibited a completely opposite monthly mean distribution since the highest concentration levels were detected during the summer season (July and August).

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“…Motor vehicle emissions are considered to be the dominant local source of air pollutants in Macao since the region is not directly influenced by other local industrial emissions (Hao et al 2000;Wu et al 2002). Furthermore, the interaction of the local wind field and surrounding building geometry in the central business district results in a ''street canyon'' effect that will extend the residence time of pollutants (Chan et al 2001), so the accumulation of local air pollution may be amplified (Malakootian and Yaghmaeian 2004;Tang and Wang 2007). O 3 , considered a key secondary air pollutant formed by the presence of NO X and HC mostly from vehicular emissions, has a relatively high concentration on Taipa Island.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-world emissions of gasoline passenger cars in Macao and their correlation with driving conditions

Wang

Zhou

et al. 2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Using a portable emissions measurement system, 16 gasoline passenger cars were tested on a fixed route consisting of different types of roads in Macao and the data were normalized with the vehicle-specific power bin method. The normalized HC, CO and NO X emission levels of the seven passenger car samples with model year older than 2000 were 3.19 ± 5.04, 14.59 ± 22.88, 2.57 ± 2.12 g/km, respectively. The HC, CO and NO X emission levels of other newer samples were 0.02 ± 0.02, 0.23 ± 0.29 and 0.10 ± 0.13 g/km, respectively. The scrappage of old passenger cars in Macao should be a high priority to control the total emissions of motor vehicles. Based on relative emission levels, a clear and similar pattern for gaseous pollutants and fuel consumption with driving conditions was identified. The emissions of HC, CO and NO X are best fitted to average speed with inverse functions. Fuel consumption is best fitted to average speed with a power function. Compared to the average driving conditions, the emission factors of HC, CO and NO X and fuel consumption of gasoline passenger cars during the rush hours on the Macau Peninsula will be increased by 61, 55, 45 and 90 %, respectively. This situation will deteriorate by 2015 if no further transportation management strategies are implemented in Macao. To save energy and mitigate the air pollutant emissions in the urban area, improved traffic planning and travel demand management are also necessary.

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Investigation of carbon monoxide in heavy traffic intersections of municipal districts

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

Impacts of load mass on real-world PM1 mass and number emissions from a heavy-duty diesel bus

Impacts of load mass on real-world PM1 mass and number emissions from a heavy-duty diesel bus

Characterization of Road Traffic Emissions in a Densely Populated Residential Area of Kuwait

Real-world emissions of gasoline passenger cars in Macao and their correlation with driving conditions

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