Investigation of blood flow in the external carotid artery and its branches with a new 0D peripheral model

Abstract

BackgroundPatient-specific modelling in clinical studies requires a realistic simulation to be performed within a reasonable computational time. The aim of this study was to develop simple but realistic outflow boundary conditions for patient-specific blood flow simulation which can be used to clarify the distribution of the anticancer agent in intra-arterial chemotherapy for oral cancer.MethodsIn this study, the boundary conditions are expressed as a zero dimension (0D) resistance model of the peripheral vessel network based on the fractal characteristics of branching arteries combined with knowledge of the circulatory system and the energy minimization principle. This resistance model was applied to four patient-specific blood flow simulations at the region where the common carotid artery bifurcates into the internal and external carotid arteries.ResultsResults of these simulations with the proposed boundary conditions were compared with the results of ultrasound measurements for the same patients. The pressure was found to be within the physiological range. The difference in velocity in the superficial temporal artery results in an error of 5.21 ± 0.78 % between the numerical results and the measurement data.ConclusionsThe proposed outflow boundary conditions, therefore, constitute a simple resistance-based model and can be used for performing accurate simulations with commercial fluid dynamics software.

Hemodynamic analysis of carotid artery after endarterectomy: a preliminary and quantitative imaging study based on computational fluid dynamics and magnetic resonance angiography

“…In real clinical scenarios, however, flow boundary conditions are not always available (19). As a result, the boundary conditions for CFD simulation were typically assumed with statistic or mean values obtained from the literature (7,20). This may create inaccuracies on an individual basis, especially at areas with complex geometry, which may lead to errors in the simulation of outcomes.…”

Computational fluid dynamic study on effect of Carreau-Yasuda and Newtonian blood viscosity models on hemodynamic parameters

“…11. A steady state analysis is performed to understand the hemodynamics at peak systole with inlet velocity of 0.93 m/s applied at inlet and at the outlets a constant pressure of 30 mmHg is applied [39]. The variation of diameter along the three branches of the carotid artery is calculated and a location where the diameter is minimum is located as indicated in Fig.…”

“…Any artery above 6 mm in diameter is generally considered as large artery and we can also see from the plots that the shear rate is above 100 s 1 . Blood can be considered as Newtonian fluid for lumen diameter greater than 6 mm and also for shear rates above 100 s 1 , however, when there is flow circulation or reverse flows Newtonian models do not give correct results [39].…”

Computational fluid dynamics study of intra-arterial chemotherapy for oral cancer

“…Although it is useful to simulate the distribution of anticancer agent in the ECA for each patient, there are few reports on the application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to IAC analysis in head and neck cancer, including oral cancer [ 8 , 9 ]. To apply CFD as a tool to assist treatment, simulations must be conducted accurately within a reasonable computational time.…”

“…For realistic blood flow simulation, the pressure condition is particularly important because it determines the flow distribution among the arteries. In our previous study [ 9 ], we developed a model for the outflow boundary condition as a zero-dimensional (0D) resistance model of the peripheral vasculature, which consists of only resistance to be incorporated into the commercial three-dimensional (3D) flow simulation software. The new 0D model could provide physiological pressure at each outlet and allow accurate blood flow simulation in the ECA and its branches.…”