Investigation of Au electrodeposition from [BMP][TFSA] room-temperature ionic liquid containing K[Au(CN)2] by in situ two-dimensional sum frequency generation spectroscopy

Electrodeposition of a Au-Dy2O3 Composite Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Catalyst from Eutectic Urea/Choline Chloride Ionic Liquid

“…−0.3 V, decreasing to current density values that are much lower than those observed in the absence of the Au(I) salt. Since reagent consumption does not justify this low current density, it could be explained with cathodic passivation by adsorbed CN − [24,25]. Coherently with the cathodic passivation found after the Au deposition process, the deposition potential for Dy is shifted cathodically with respect to the case of the pure-Dy bath.…”

“…The positive current density increase at potentials more anodic than ca. 0 V corresponds to Au oxidation [24][25][26]. From these voltammetric data, the potential of −1.8 V has been chosen for Au-Dy alloy electrodeposition: in correspondence of this potential in fact both Dy and Au might be deposited and this condition not yet leads to reduction of the ionic liquid.…”

Electrode–Electrolyte Interfacial Processes in Ionic Liquids and Sensor Applications

“…The most extensive studies have been conducted with platinum single-crystalline and polycrystalline surfaces [141][142][143]. Using a free electron laser, Guyot-Sionnest and Tadjeddine demonstrated the first use of Vibrational Sum Frequency Spectroscopy (VSFS) to study ionic adsorption at an electrified metal/aqueous electrolyte interface [144][145][146].…”

In Situ Electrochemical SFG/DFG Study of CN− and Nitrile Adsorption at Au from 1-Butyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidinium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) Amide Ionic Liquid ([BMP][TFSA]) Containing 4-{2-[1-(2-Cyanoethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl]diazenyl} Benzonitrile (CTDB) and K[Au(CN)2]

“…Electrochemistry in room-temperature ionic liquids (RTIL) is a rapidly developing topic, with prospective applications in electrodeposition and energetics [Li-ion batteries, supercapacitors and proton-exchange membrane fuel-cells (PEMFC)] [ 1 ]. Despite the abundance of recent literature, spectroelectrochemical methods are seldom used, at the time of this writing, the following approaches have been described: Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy [ 2 ], surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy [ 3 ], surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy [ 4 ] and sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Spectroelectrochemistry during metal plating provides useful information on the growth interface and a range of approaches has been proposed to achieve information on the chemical composition, electronic structure and adsorption at the dynamic electrochemical interface.…”

“…Spectroelectrochemistry during metal plating provides useful information on the growth interface and a range of approaches has been proposed to achieve information on the chemical composition, electronic structure and adsorption at the dynamic electrochemical interface. In particular, SFG has proved particularly informative because it combines utmost surface sensitivity (bulk signal is not allowed within the electric dipole approximation) and single state capability (steady-state electrochemical conditions are able to yield a high signal-to-noise ratio, at variance e.g., with FT-IR and SERS) with sensitivity to both vibrational and electronic structure of the interface [ 8 , 9 ]). A particular advantage of in situ spectroelectrochemistry during electrodeposition processes is the possibility of monitoring the state of additives at the growing interface, yielding molecular-level information that can be directly correlated to phenomenological or ex situ quality indicators of the performance of agents, such as brighteners and levellers, that are of paramount importance in industrial plating processes.…”