Investigation of an outbreak of neonatal calf diarrhoea in a dairy herd

Abuelo, Ãngel

doi:10.1136/vetreccr-2016-000372

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 55 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…are among the most common enteropathogens isolated in cases of NCD, with a prevalence ranging from 15 to 59% (de la Fuente et al, 1999;Björkman et al, 2003;Gulliksen et al, 2009;Izzo et al, 2011b). Furthermore, several studies indicate that infection rates in young dairy calves with Cryptosporidium parvum are as high as 100% in some herds (de Graaf et al, 1999;O'Handley et al, 1999, Olson et al, 2004Abuelo, 2016), which we also observed in the present study. Only one drug, halofuginone lactate, is currently licensed for the prevention and treatment of cryptosporidiosis in calves in Australia.…”

Section: Pathogens Causing Diarrheasupporting

confidence: 82%

An investigation of dairy calf management practices, colostrum quality, failure of transfer of passive immunity, and occurrence of enteropathogens among Australian dairy farms

Abuelo

Havrlant²,

Wood

et al. 2019

Journal of Dairy Science

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Calf preweaning morbidity and mortality risks have been reported as high in several countries, with average values approximating 35 and 7%, respectively. However, limited data are available for calf morbidity and mortality risks on Australian dairy farms. The aims of this study were (1) to investigate current calf management practices on dairy farms in Australia and their association with herd-level morbidity and mortality using a questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study; and (2) to estimate the prevalence of common enteropathogens causing diarrhea, the failure of passive transfer of immunity, and poor colostrum quality in a sample of Australian dairy farms. We analyzed 106 completed questionnaires and samples from 23 farms (202 fecal, 253 calf serum, and 221 colostrum samples). Morbidity and mortality risks reported by farmers in preweaned heifers were 23.8 and 5.6%, respectively. These risks were above the Australian dairy industry targets in 75.5 and 66.7% of respondents. The zoonotic pathogens Cryptosporidium spp. and Salmonella spp. were the most prevalent enteropathogens, with a true prevalence of 40.9 and 25.2%, respectively. Salmonella O-group D was present in 67.9% of Salmonella-positive samples, followed by O-groups B (17.9%) and C (10.7%). Failure of transfer of passive immunity (IgG <10 g/L) was observed in 41.9% of calves (mean herd-level prevalence of 36.2%), and only 19.5% of colostrum samples met the standards for immunoglobulin content and microbiological quality. Collectively, these data indicate that there is still considerable room for improvement in calf-rearing practices on Australian dairy farms, particularly with regard to colostrum management and feeding hygiene.

show abstract

Section: Pathogens Causing Diarrheasupporting

confidence: 82%

An investigation of dairy calf management practices, colostrum quality, failure of transfer of passive immunity, and occurrence of enteropathogens among Australian dairy farms

Abuelo

Havrlant²,

Wood

et al. 2019

Journal of Dairy Science

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Throughout the world, RVA is reported to be the main viral cause of neonatal diarrhea in calves of dairy and beef cattle herds [1,21]. In this outbreak, 25% (6/24) of diarrheic calves evaluated were RVA positive in both single (n = 3, 12.5%) and mixed (n = 3, 12.5%) infections with aichivirus B.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In dairy cattle herds, neonatal diarrhea is considered one of the main infectious diseases in suckling calves worldwide [1,4]. Some classes of microorganisms, such as bacteria, protozoa, and viruses, are infectious agents and are considered determinants of neonatal diarrhea [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic analysis of VP1 and RdRP genes of Brazilian aichivirus B strains involved in a diarrhea outbreak in dairy calves

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aichivirus B has been reported worldwide in calves and adult cattle with and without diarrhea. The aim of this study was to describe the molecular characteristics of the RdRP and VP1 genes of aichivirus B strains identified as the most frequent etiologic agent in a neonatal diarrhea outbreak in a high-production Brazilian dairy cattle herd. Preliminary laboratory analysis ruled out important enteropathogens (Cryptosporidium spp; Eimeria spp., E. coli F5, and bovine coronavirus). Fecal samples from diarrheic (n = 24) and asymptomatic (n = 5) calves up to 30 days old were collected for virological analysis. RT-PCR assays were performed for the detection of aichivirus B RdRP and VP1 genes and for rotavirus A VP7 and VP4 genes in fecal samples. Asymptomatic calves (control group) were negative for both viruses. Aichivirus B and rotavirus A G10P[11] genotypes were found in 54.2% (13/24) and 25% (6/24) of the diarrheic fecal samples, respectively. Aichivirus B was only identified (83.3%, 10/12) in calves up to two weeks old. Phylogenetic analysis based on the RdRP gene grouped the Brazilian strains in a new branch within the aichivirus B group. Comparative analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the VP1 gene of Brazilian and Chinese aichivirus B strains allowed the strains identified in this study to be classified in the putative lineage 1. This is the first description of a high rate of aichivirus B detection in a diarrhea outbreak in dairy calves, and the first phylogenetic study of the VP1 gene of aichivirus B wild-type strains performed in South America.

show abstract

“…E. coli is an important causative agent which has shown antimicrobial resistance. 2 Commonly used antibiotic treatment can significantly contribute to immunosuppression in calves, increasing their susceptibility to infections. It may also increase bacterial resistance, making effective elimination of infections more difficult.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic and Prophylactic Effect of the Experimental Bacteriophage Treatment to Control Diarrhea Caused by E. coli in Newborn Calves

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria causing neonatal diarrhea in calves has become a serious problem in the control of infection. Due to increasing antibiotic resistance, bacteriophages with probiotics are considered the best alternative. The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of a suppository containing probiotic strains of Lactobacillus spp. and bacteriophages specific for pathogenic E. coli in young calves with diarrhea. The study evaluated therapeutic and prophylactic effects (specific and nonspecific humoral response). The study was carried out on 24 female HF calves, aged 2 to 7 days and weighing from 35 to 46 kg. The calves were divided into four groups ( n = 6) as follows: Group 1, healthy control that received no medicine; Group 2, positive control with diarrhea; Group 3, healthy calves that received medicine; Group 4, calves with diarrhea that received medicine. The animals received suppositories containing Lactobacillus spp. and bacteriophages specific for pathogenic E. coli for 5 days. On the first day, the calves received the suppositories twice—in the morning and 12 h later; subsequently they were administered once a day. The health status of the calves was observed for 11 days after the first application of suppositories. A protective and preventive effect of the experimental therapy was obtained in the research. The probiotic-phage suppositories reduced the duration of diarrhea in calves, completely eliminating it within 24–48 h after use. The therapy stimulated the activation of immune mechanisms in calves, which translated into an enhanced specific and nonspecific response and increased resistance to infection.

show abstract

Investigation of an outbreak of neonatal calf diarrhoea in a dairy herd

Cited by 8 publications

References 55 publications

An investigation of dairy calf management practices, colostrum quality, failure of transfer of passive immunity, and occurrence of enteropathogens among Australian dairy farms

An investigation of dairy calf management practices, colostrum quality, failure of transfer of passive immunity, and occurrence of enteropathogens among Australian dairy farms

Phylogenetic analysis of VP1 and RdRP genes of Brazilian aichivirus B strains involved in a diarrhea outbreak in dairy calves

Therapeutic and Prophylactic Effect of the Experimental Bacteriophage Treatment to Control Diarrhea Caused by E. coli in Newborn Calves

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About