Therapeutic and Prophylactic Effect of the Experimental Bacteriophage Treatment to Control Diarrhea Caused by <i>E. coli</i> in Newborn Calves

Alomari, Mohammed Mijbas Mohammed; Dec, Marta; Nowaczek, Anna; Puchalski, Andrzej; Wernicki, Andrzej; Kowalski, C.; Urban‐Chmiel, Renata

doi:10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00010

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Administration of bacteriophages can cause an increase in antibodies against phage proteins. Nevertheless, in some studies in humans ( 18 , 32 ) and in our own previous research in calves ( 1 ), despite a humoral response induced by the application of bacteriophage preparations, a therapeutic effect was observed. The outcomes were a significant reduction or even elimination of bacteria and an improved health status.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Determination of anti-phage antibodies in calf sera following application of Escherichia coli and Mannheimia haemolytica-specific bacteriophages

Urban‐Chmiel¹,

Nowaczek²,

Chmiel

et al. 2022

Journal of Veterinary Research

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Introduction The widespread occurrence of drug-resistant bacteria has increased interest in alternatives to antibiotics for combatting bacterial infections, among which bacteriophages play an important role. The ability of phage proteins to induce an anti-phage immune response can significantly limit the effectiveness of treatment, which was the basis for the study described in this article. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of bacteriophages on the induction of an anti-phage humoral response in calves. Material and Methods The study was conducted using phage components of experimental preparations and sera from calves treated and not treated with phages. Levels of G, M and A immunoglobulins were analysed by ELISA. The assay plates were coated with whole Escherichia coli and Mannheimia haemolytica phages and selected phage proteins obtained in sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and two-dimensional electrophoresis. Neutralisation of phages by immunoglobulins was assessed by determining phage titres using double-layer plates. Results The results confirmed an increased anti-phage response affecting all immunoglobulin classes in the calf sera. The highest significant (P ≤ 0.05) level of antibodies was observed for IgG in the sera of calves receiving phages. The phage neutralisation test showed a significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in the reduction of phage titres in comparison to untreated calves. Conclusion Despite the induction of an anti-phage response, no significant negative effect on the antibacterial activity of phages was observed in vitro.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Determination of anti-phage antibodies in calf sera following application of Escherichia coli and Mannheimia haemolytica-specific bacteriophages

Urban‐Chmiel¹,

Nowaczek²,

Chmiel

et al. 2022

Journal of Veterinary Research

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“…Improved calf diarrhea, lowered rectal temperature, and increased calf weight [28] Poultry Cloaca drops or oral bacteriophages CB4Ø and WT45Ø…”

Section: Escherichia Colimentioning

confidence: 99%

Limitations of Phage Therapy and Corresponding Optimization Strategies: A Review

Lin

Long

2022

Molecules

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Bacterial infectious diseases cause serious harm to human health. At present, antibiotics are the main drugs used in the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases, but the abuse of antibiotics has led to the rapid increase in drug-resistant bacteria and to the inability to effectively control infections. Bacteriophages are a kind of virus that infects bacteria and archaea, adopting bacteria as their hosts. The use of bacteriophages as antimicrobial agents in the treatment of bacterial diseases is an alternative to antibiotics. At present, phage therapy (PT) has been used in various fields and has provided a new technology for addressing diseases caused by bacterial infections in humans, animals, and plants. PT uses bacteriophages to infect pathogenic bacteria so to stop bacterial infections and treat and prevent related diseases. However, PT has several limitations, due to a narrow host range, the lysogenic phenomenon, the lack of relevant policies, and the lack of pharmacokinetic data. The development of reasonable strategies to overcome these limitations is essential for the further development of this technology. This review article described the current applications and limitations of PT and summarizes the existing solutions for these limitations. This information will be useful for clinicians, people working in agriculture and industry, and basic researchers.

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“…Bacterial diarrhea accounts for 30% of calf diarrhea. Pathogenic Escherichia coli is the most common causative agent of bacterial diarrhea ( Alomari et al., 2021 ). The balance of intestinal flora is the essential for animal health, and imbalance will result in various problems such as diarrhea, reduced digestibility, and nutrient digestion and absorption ( Kim et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Early Pathogenic Escherichia coli Infection on the Intestinal Barrier and Immune Function in Newborn Calves

Wang

Simujide

Areum

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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We studied the effect of early pathogenic Escherichia coli infection on newborn calves’ intestinal barrier and immune function. A total of 64 newborn Holstein male calves (40–43 kg) were divided into two groups: normal (NG) and test (TG), each with 32 heads. At the beginning of the experiment, the TG calves were orally administered pathogenic E. coli O1 (2.5 × 1011 CFU/mL, 100 mL) to establish a calf diarrhea model. In contrast, the NG calves were given the same amount of normal saline. During the 30 d trial period, the feeding and management of the two groups remained constant. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, quantification PCR, and high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing technology were used to detect indicators related to the intestinal barrier and immune function in the calf serum and tissues. Pathogenic E. coli O1 had a significant effect on calf diarrhea in the TG; it increased the bovine diamine oxidase (P < 0.05) and endotoxin levels in the serum and decreased (P < 0.05) the intestinal trefoil factor (P < 0.05), Occludin, Claudin-1, and Zonula Occludens 1 (ZO-1) levels in the colon tissue, as well as downregulated the mRNA expression of Occludin, Claudin-1,and ZO-1 in the colon mucosa, leading to increased intestinal permeability and impaired intestinal barrier function. Additionally, pathogenic E. coli had a significant impact on the diversity of colonic microbial flora, increasing the relative abundance of Proteobacteria at the phylum level and decreasing the levels of Firmicutes and Bacteroides. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Escherichia and Shigella in the TG increased significantly (P < 0.05), whereas that of Bacteroides, Butyricicoccus, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Blautia, and Lactobacillus was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). In addition, the level of IL-6 in the serum of the TG calves was significantly increased (P < 0.05), whereas the IL-4 and IL-10 levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), compared to those in the NG calves. Thus, pathogenic E. coli induced diarrhea early in life disrupts intestinal barrier and impairs immune function in calves.

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Therapeutic and Prophylactic Effect of the Experimental Bacteriophage Treatment to Control Diarrhea Caused by E. coli in Newborn Calves

Cited by 20 publications

References 36 publications

Determination of anti-phage antibodies in calf sera following application of Escherichia coli and Mannheimia haemolytica-specific bacteriophages

Determination of anti-phage antibodies in calf sera following application of Escherichia coli and Mannheimia haemolytica-specific bacteriophages

Limitations of Phage Therapy and Corresponding Optimization Strategies: A Review

Effect of Early Pathogenic Escherichia coli Infection on the Intestinal Barrier and Immune Function in Newborn Calves

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