Investigation of accident scenarios between pedestrians and city buses in Thailand

Abstract

An accident between pedestrians and city buses is one cause of severe casualties in Thailand. To discover the causes of the city bus collisions with pedestrians, 22 accident cases which occurred in Bangkok and suburban areas from January 2012 to July 2013 were reconstructed and investigated. In this study, the impact speeds were estimated by data correction at the incident scene using the kinematic measurement device. Besides, these collision cases were categorized by the difference between low-and high-located windshield types with regards to the behavior and body region of pedestrian injuries. Moreover, it was discovered that pedestrian injuries were more severe at impact speeds of approximately at 20 to 50 km/h. However, the 90th percentile impact speed was not over 30 km/h. Moreover, there were 7 cases among 21 collisions (33%) in the early afternoon time (12.01am-3.29pm) of driving period, which was almost the end of the morning shift. That was probably the result of long durations of driving, a condition which is a significant cause of fatigue-related accidents.

The relationship between impact speed and the probability of pedestrian fatality during a vehicle-pedestrian crash: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…After excluding a further 37 articles for various reasons, 27 articles met the inclusion criteria. The primary reasons for excluding studies were as follows: the collected data was based on speed limits or speed zones only [24][25][26][27][28][29][30], the data was limited only to head impacts [31] or ground contact injuries [32], no injury or fatality data was used [33,34], the inability to compute an S-shaped risk curve [35][36][37][38][39][40], the study data was a subset of another included study [41][42][43][44][45][46], the collected data consisted of only fatal cases [47][48][49], the original full-text of the study was unavailable [50][51][52], the study was not focused on frontal impacts [53][54][55], the study used experimental data [56,57], the impact speed was not measured or included [58,59], and Full-text articles excluded, with reasons (n = 37)…”

Factors, Effects, and Preferences on Vehicle Driving Modification for the Malaysia Independent Disabled Driver

“…Most countries were found to have easy access on assistive driving. This situation was proven by the availability of advanced modification introduced in several studies such as PHC-3 and TNT portable hand control (Boyce et al, 2013), Omni Haptic hand Control (Yamashita, 2014), Gesture driving (Murata & Yoshida, 2013), Joystick control (Peters & Östlund, 2005) , the flip accelerator pedal system (Jones et al, 2009), the brake accelerator pedal (Nilsson, 2002), postural support (Lawton et al, 2008), Rotational Seats (Barton & Holmes, 2013), intelligent speed adaptations (Klarborg et al, 2012;Lakkam & Koetniyom, 2015) and also wheelchairs assisted vehicles (Holmes, 2012). The suitability of a person conditions when using the modifications or driving without modifications are widely studied and recorded.…”

A systemic analysis of the usage of safety items among Malaysian private vehicle users

“…On average 3,500 people are killed each day and as one of the riskiest countries according to internationally comparable indices, Malaysia contributes between 15 to 20 to that fatality figures every single day [1,2]. The country had experienced a four percent growth in average road deaths during the eighties, which then increased to five percent in the nineties [3].…”