Investigation of a Shock-Induced Phase Transition in Antimony

Warnes, R. H.

doi:10.1063/1.1709195

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Under dynamic compression, antimony is a classic phase-transforming element [1]. Of particular note has been the anomalously-long transition time of 2-3 µs determined for the shock-induced phase transition at 8.8 GPa [1][2][3]. Shock compression studies of antimony to date have typically used explosively-generated shock waves, and the existence of phase transitions has been inferred from measurements of the shock wave profiles [1][2][3][4][5], where complex, multiple wave structures greatly complicated the analysis.…”

Section: Take Down Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Phase Transitions and Metastability in Dynamically Compressed Antimony Using Ultrafast X-Ray Diffraction

et al. 2019

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Ultrafast x-ray diffraction at the LCLS x-ray free electron laser has been used to resolve the structural behaviour of antimony under shock compression to 59 GPa. Antimony is seen to transform to the incommensurate, host-guest phase, Sb-II, at ∼11 GPa, which forms on nanosecond timescales with ordered guest-atom chains. The high-pressure bcc phase, Sb-III, is observed above ∼15 GPa, some 8 GPa lower than in static compression studies, and mixed Sb-III/liquid diffraction are obtained between 38 and 59 GPa. An additional phase which does not exist under static compression, Sb-I , is also observed between 8 and 12 GPa, beyond the normal stability field of Sb-I, and resembles Sb-I with a resolved Peierls distortion. The incommensurate Sb-II high-pressure phase can be recovered metastably on release to ambient pressure, where it is stable for more than 10 ns.

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Section: Take Down Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Phase Transitions and Metastability in Dynamically Compressed Antimony Using Ultrafast X-Ray Diffraction

et al. 2019

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“…Two RT phase transitions have been induced in Sb by the application of pressure [60,69,70,214,217,219,239,240,390,395,412]. X-ray measurements taken at high pressure [240] show that these transitions occur over a wide pressure range.…”

Section: Antimonymentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior of the Elements at High Pressures

Cannon

1974

Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data

250

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Data on polymorphic phase changes and variation of melting temperature of the elements with pressure have been compiled and critically evaluated. Emphasis has been placed on work done at pressures exceeding 1 kbar. Pressure-temperature phase diagrams showing first•order solid•solid phase boundaries and/or melting curves derived from the best available data are given for 58 elements. In• formation on the crystal structures of high•pressure polymorphs is also reviewed. Those elements that exist in the gaseous state at room temperature and pressure are not included.

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“…The decay of transition wave pressure was fitted to Eq. 8.17 by Warnes [47] resulting in t ¼ 3 ms, which is an order of magnitude larger than obtained for iron (see Sect. 8.9).…”

Section: Polymorphic Phase Transitions With Slow Transition Ratesmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Shock studies of Antimony displayed a transition pressure that was a strong function of sample thickness [47]. These studies are reviewed by Duvall and Graham [11].…”

Section: Polymorphic Phase Transitions With Slow Transition Ratesmentioning

confidence: 98%

First-Order Polymorphic and Melting Phase Transitions Under Shock Loading

Forbes

2012

Shock Wave Compression of Condensed Matter

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Some materials at high pressure have structural arrangements of atoms and molecules that are at a lower energy state than that at (P ¼ 0, v o , T-293 K) conditions. When this occurs a thermodynamic force on the material exists to change the configuration to the new one. This process is called a first-order phase transition that is characterized by the coexistence of several thermodynamic phases. It is well established that condensed matter can also undergo thermodynamic second order phase transitions in electric and magnetic properties that are not treated in this book. Readers interested in second order phase transitions seen in dynamic experiments consult the literature especially the articles by Keeler and Royce [1].Static studies of phase transitions provide the baseline for understanding many phase transitions. They can show if the mixed phase region is in thermodynamic equilibrium or in a metastable state. Inferring phase transformations under dynamic loading from experimental static data is very useful. The first order guess of the phase seen in dynamic experiments will be the same as observed in static experiments but this needs to be verified in real-time dynamic experiments. One must keep in mind that under dynamic loading, phases other than that seen in static experiments are a possibility. This was seen in a recent study of shocked polycrystalline iron [2] where fcc phases occurred in certain oriented crystal grains. Note that this shock study using intense x-rays directly confirmed experimentally the majority of the iron transition was martensitic in nature, which agrees with static studies.The kinetics of the transformation determines whether a new configuration occurs under shock loading. If the transformation takes many microseconds to occur it will not be seen in standard shock wave experiments and the material will be put into a thermodynamic metastable state. Since dynamic loading is different than static compression some transitions that require cooperative lattice motion can be accelerated due to the shear in a shock wave. This is what happens in the body center cubic (bcc or a) to hexagonal closed packed (hcp or ɛ) lattice transition in iron [3] at 130 kbar. Keep in mind that due to creation of defects,

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Investigation of a Shock-Induced Phase Transition in Antimony

Cited by 20 publications

References 7 publications

Identification of Phase Transitions and Metastability in Dynamically Compressed Antimony Using Ultrafast X-Ray Diffraction

Identification of Phase Transitions and Metastability in Dynamically Compressed Antimony Using Ultrafast X-Ray Diffraction

Behavior of the Elements at High Pressures

First-Order Polymorphic and Melting Phase Transitions Under Shock Loading

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