Investigation of a self-submersible SPM cage system in random waves

Shainee, M.; Leira, Bernt J.; Ellingsen, Harald; Fredheim, Arne

doi:10.1016/j.aquaeng.2013.10.003

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In addition, as for the submersible fish cage, Kim et al [15] used the computational fluid dynamic software to analyze the flow field characteristics of a submersible abalone aquaculture cage and adopted a finite element model based on Morison equation to study the hydrodynamic responses of the moored containment structure. Shainee et al [16,17] conducted numerical simulations and experimental In open seas, a fish farm is easily subjected to strong currents, severe waves, and storm surges, all of which can cause significant destruction. Therefore, studying the hydrodynamic responses of a net cage is important and urgent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, as for the submersible fish cage, Kim et al [15] used the computational fluid dynamic software to analyze the flow field characteristics of a submersible abalone aquaculture cage and adopted a finite element model based on Morison equation to study the hydrodynamic responses of the moored containment structure. Shainee et al [16,17] conducted numerical simulations and experimental model tests to examine the submergence characteristics of a self-submersible SPM cage system in both regular and random waves, respectively. Xu et al [18] analyzed the hydrodynamic behavior of a self-submersible single-point mooring gravity cage in combined wave-current by numerical simulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Investigations on Hydrodynamic Responses of a Semi-Submersible Offshore Fish Farm in Waves

Zhao

Guan

et al. 2019

JMSE

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A series of physical model experiments was performed to investigate the hydrodynamic responses of a semi-submersible offshore fish farm in waves. The structural configuration of the fish farm primarily refers to that of the world's first offshore fish farm, Ocean Farm 1, developed by SalMar in Norway. The mooring line tension and motion response of the fish farm were measured at three draughts. The study indicated that the tension on the windward mooring line is greater than that on the leeward mooring line. As the wave height increases, the mooring line tension and motion responses including the heave, surge, and pitch exhibit an upward trend. The windward mooring line tension decreased slightly with increasing draught. The existence of net resulted in approximately 42% reduction in mooring line tension and approximately 51% reduction in surge motion. However, the heave and pitch of the fish farm increased slightly with the existence of net. It was found that the wave parameters, draught, and net have noticeable effect on the hydrodynamic response. Thus, these factors are suggested to be considered in structural designs and optimization to guarantee the ability of the fish farm to resist destruction and ensure safety of workers during intense waves. weakness of development. The floaters and columns for a fish farm could be ideally used as a wave energy converter platform. The aquaculture platform of sufficient dimensions can support several wind turbines and realize self-power supply of the offshore fish farm. Overall, both the converter platform of wave energy and offshore wind turbine can be combined with this kind of new type of offshore aquaculture facility. Due to its superior performance, the offshore fish farm considered is accepted and widely used all over the world. Hence, fundamental research on the offshore fish farm is very critical, especially in the initial stage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, as for the submersible fish cage, Kim et al [15] used the computational fluid dynamic software to analyze the flow field characteristics of a submersible abalone aquaculture cage and adopted a finite element model based on Morison equation to study the hydrodynamic responses of the moored containment structure. Shainee et al [16,17] conducted numerical simulations and experimental model tests to examine the submergence characteristics of a self-submersible SPM cage system in both regular and random waves, respectively. Xu et al [18] analyzed the hydrodynamic behavior of a self-submersible single-point mooring gravity cage in combined wave-current by numerical simulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigations on Hydrodynamic Responses of a Semi-Submersible Offshore Fish Farm in Waves

Zhao

Guan

et al. 2019

JMSE

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“…Satisfactory agreement between experimental and numerical prediction of drag and lift on circular bottomless net cages in steady current as function of the solidity ratio of the net and the current velocity is documented. The latter is not true for large current velocities when Morison's equation is applied, which is normally used to estimate the net cage hydrodynamic load (Xu et al 2013a, b;Shainee et al 2014). The reason is associated with large net deformation and shielding effects of twines.…”

Section: The Net Cagementioning

confidence: 99%

Wave and Current Effects on Floating Fish Farms

Faltinsen

Shen

2018

J. Marine. Sci. Appl.

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The paper is partly a review on hydrodynamic and structural aspects of fish farms. In addition, new numerical results are presented on the stochastic behavior of bending stresses in the floater of a realistic net cage in extreme wave conditions. The behavior of traditional-type fish farms with net cages and closed fish farms in waves and currents is discussed. Hydroelasticity can play a significant role for net cages and closed membrane-type fish farms. The many meshes in a net cage make CFD and complete structural modeling impracticable. As an example, a hydrodynamic screen model and structural truss elements are instead used to represent the hydrodynamic loading and the structural deformation of the net. In addition, the wake inside the net due to current plays an important role. The described simplified numerical method has been validated by comparing with model tests of mooring loads on a single net cage with two circular elastic floaters and bottom weight ring in waves and currents. It is discussed which parts of the complete system play the most important roles in accurately determining the mooring loads. Many realizations of a sea state are needed to obtain reliable estimates of extreme values in a stochastic sea. In reality, many net cages operate in close vicinity, which raises questions about spatial variations of the current and wave environment as well as hydrodynamic interaction between the net cages. Live fish touching the netting can have a non-negligible influence on the mooring loads. It is demonstrated by numerical calculations in waves and currents that a well boat at a net cage can have a significant influence on the mooring loads and the bending stresses in the floater. The latter results provide a rational way to obtain operational limits for a well boat at a fish farm. Sloshing has to be accounted for in describing the behavior of a closed fish farm when important wave frequencies are in the vicinity of natural sloshing frequencies. The structural flexibility has to be considered in determining the natural sloshing frequencies for a membrane-type closed fish farm. Free-surface non-linearities can matter for sloshing and can, for instance, result in swirling in a certain frequency domain for a closed cage with a vertical symmetry axis.

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“…Fish cages need to withstand powerful waves under a changing climate (Binh et al 2017). Developments in off-shore aquaculture, such as submersible systems for both finfish (Shainee et al 2014) and shellfish (Kim et al 2014), have already spurred technologies capable of withstanding high energy exposure for open-water aquaculture (Shainee et al 2013).…”

Section: Flooding and Storm Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and aquaculture: considering adaptation potential

Reid¹,

Gurney-Smith²,

Flaherty³

et al. 2019

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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Increases in global population and seafood demand are occurring simultaneously with fisheries decline in an era of rapid climate change. Aquaculture is well positioned to help meet the world's future seafood needs, but heavy reliance of most global aquaculture on the ambient environment and ecosystem services suggests inherent vulnerability to climate change effects. There are, however, opportunities for adaptation. Engineering and management solutions can reduce exposure to stressors or mitigate stressors through environmental control. Epigenetic adaptation may have the potential to improve stressor tolerance through parental or early life stage exposure. Stressor-resistant traits can be genetically selected for, and maintaining adequate population variability can improve resilience and overall fitness. Information at appropriate time scales is crucial for adaptive response, such as real-time data on stressor levels and/or species' responses, early warning of deleterious events, or prediction of longer-term change. Diet quality and quantity have the potential to meet increasing energetic and nutritional demands associated with mitigating the effects of abiotic and biotic climate change stressors. Research advancements in understanding how climate change affects aquaculture will benefit most from a combination of empirical studies, modelling approaches, and observations at the farm level. Research to support aquaculture adaptation requires an increasing amount of environmental data to guide biological response studies for regional applications. Increased experimental complexity, resources, and duration will be necessary to better understand the effects of multiple stressors. Ultimately, in order for aquaculture sectors to move beyond short-term coping responses, governance initiatives incorporating the changing needs of stakeholders, users, and culture ecosystems as a whole are required to facilitate planned climate change adaptation and mitigation.

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Investigation of a self-submersible SPM cage system in random waves

Cited by 24 publications

References 19 publications

Experimental Investigations on Hydrodynamic Responses of a Semi-Submersible Offshore Fish Farm in Waves

Experimental Investigations on Hydrodynamic Responses of a Semi-Submersible Offshore Fish Farm in Waves

Wave and Current Effects on Floating Fish Farms

Climate change and aquaculture: considering adaptation potential

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