Investigation and Optimization of Grounding Grid Based on Lightning Response by Using ATP‐EMTP and Genetic Algorithm

Abstract

A large number of electromagnetic transient studies have been analyzed for finding the overvoltage behavior of power system. A grounding grid of power system is so important for reducing the effect of overvoltage phenomena during a short-circuit event. Two sections are important in grounding system behavior: soil ionization and inductive behavior; this paper focuses on the inductive manner of grounding grid. The grounding grid is considered as a conductor segment; each conductor segment acts as a grounding unit. In this paper, the transient methodology is introduced to investigate the lightning effect on grounding body at each point of grounding grid in normal and optimized conditions. Genetic algorithm is applied for regular and irregular grounding grid to obtain best values of mesh size with the lower ground potential rise (GPR) as compared with the normal condition for more safety. The grounding grid is a combination of inductance, resistance, and capacitance. This model is suitable for practical applications related to fault diagnosis. Several voltages on different positions of grounding grid are described in this paper using ATP-EMTP and genetic algorithm. The computer simulation shows that the proposed scheme is highly feasible and technically attractive.

An Optimized Adaptive Protection Scheme for Numerical and Directional Overcurrent Relay Coordination Using Harris Hawk Optimization

“…To depict the random nature, variables r 1 , r 2 , r 3 , r 4 and r 5 are included from interval (0, 1). To restrict the scenario to the valid search space, all variables are supposed to obey the upper and lower bounds, included as UB and LB in the Equation (6). According to the first part of Equation ( 6), the position of a hawk for the next iteration will be the result of the difference between the random hawk's position from the current iteration and the normalized difference of the position of the random hawk and other hawks in the current iteration.…”

“…The minimum break point set method has been used for an expert system in [3]. For DOCR coordination problems [4][5][6][7][8] and complex problems within the electrical power network, numerous techniques like the Nature-inspired optimization technique whale optimization [9] and the JAYA algorithm [10] have been developed to deal with the DOCR problem. With respect to the physical and logical change of arrangement of the system the optimal DOCR design was developed in [11,12].…”

Nature-Inspired Whale Optimization Algorithm for Optimal Coordination of Directional Overcurrent Relays in Power Systems

“…Recently, nature-inspired optimization methods have been developed in the literature to explain the complex problems within the electrical power network, including the DOCR coordination problem [6][7][8][9][10].…”

Detecting Grounding Grid Orientation: Transient Electromagnetic Approach

“…The step and touch voltages are influenced by the GPR and the configuration of the equipment in a substation. In case of a lightning strike, the step and touch voltages are the significant factors to improve the safety of the grounding grid [8,9]. After years of operation, grounding conductors corrode and even break.…”