INVESTIGATION AND CONTROL OF AN ATTACHING AND EFFACING<i>ESCHERICHIA COLI</i>OUTBREAK IN A COLONY OF CAPTIVE BUDGERIGARS (<i>MELOPSITTACUS UNDULATUS</i>)

Seeley, Kathryn E.; Baitchman, Eric; Bartlett, Susan L.; DebRoy, Chitrita; Garner, Michael M.

doi:10.1638/2012-0281.1

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The latter may be at risk, when humans and other animals consume evolutionary ‘mismatched’ diets, i.e., diets they did not evolve to digest, absorb and utilise, and which typically come with novel sets of dietary toxins, antigens and microbial challenges. These factors are likely to contribute to the increased intestinal epithelial permeability, which has been implicated in the predisposition to intestinal inflammation and a number of gastrointestinal diseases in humans [ 43 ], zoo animals [ 45 ] and pets [ 46 ], laboratory rodents [ 47 ], domesticated livestock [ 48 ] and poultry [ 49 ]. Evidence is also growing that many wild animals are facing new dietary challenges resulting from global climate change [ 50 , 51 ].…”

Section: Perspectives and Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Differential responses of the gut transcriptome to plant protein diets in farmed Atlantic salmon

et al. 2016

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Background: The potential for alternative plant protein sources to replace limited marine ingredients in fish feeds is important for the future of the fish farming industry. However, plant ingredients in fish feeds contain antinutritional factors (ANFs) that can promote gut inflammation (enteritis) and compromise fish health. It is unknown whether enteritis induced by plant materials with notable differences in secondary metabolism is characterised by common or distinct gene expression patterns, and how using feeds with single vs mixed plant proteins may affect the gut transcriptome and fish performance. We used Atlantic salmon parr to investigate the transcriptome responses of distal gut to varying dietary levels (0-45 %) of soy protein concentrate (SPC) and faba bean (Vicia faba) protein concentrate (BPC) following an 8-week feeding trial. Soybean meal (SBM) and fish meal (FM) were used as positive and negative controls for enteritis, respectively. Gene expression profiling was performed using a microarray platform developed and validated for Atlantic salmon. Results: Different plant protein materials (SPC, BPC and SBM) generated substantially different gut gene expression profiles, with relatively few transcriptomic alterations (genes, pathways and GO terms) common for all plant proteins used. When SPC and BPC were simultaneously included in the diet, they induced less extensive alterations of gut transcriptome than diets with either SPC or BPC singly, probably due to reduced levels of individual ANFs. The mixed plant protein diets were also associated with improved body composition of fish relative to the single plant protein diets, which may provide evidence for a link between the magnitude of changes in gut transcriptome and whole-animal performance. Conclusions: Our results indicate that gut transcriptomic profiling provides a useful tool for testing the applicability of alternative protein sources for aquaculture feeds and designing diets with reduced impact of ANFs on fish health. Ultimately, understanding diet-gut interactions and intestinal homeostasis in farmed fish is important to maximise performance and to ensure that aquaculture continues to be a sustainable source of food for a growing world population.

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Section: Perspectives and Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Differential responses of the gut transcriptome to plant protein diets in farmed Atlantic salmon

et al. 2016

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“…This study identified important DEC virulence genes (eaeA and bfpA) in Escherichia coli strains isolated from psittacine of illegal wildlife trade, which are important to diagnose the EPEC pathotype. Although these bacteria are recognized as important human pathogens (Peréz et al 2010, Gomes et al 2016, aEPEC have also been associated with increasing morbidity and mortality of Budgerigars (Seeley et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular diagnosis of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolated from Psittaciformes of illegal wildlife trade

et al. 2018

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Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) are considered one of the major causes of human diarrhea in developing countries. Some studies have pointed wild birds as important reservoirs for these pathogens. However, scarce species from the Psittaciformes order have been investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of DEC strains in Psittaciformes from illegal wildlife trade. A total of 78 E. coli strains isolated from cloacal swab samples of 167 Psittaciformes in the Ceará State, Brazil, were evaluated regarding the presence of the following DEC virulence genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR): eaeA and bfpA genes (Enteropathogenic E. coli - EPEC); stx1 and stx2 (Shiga toxin-producing E. coli - STEC); estA and eltB (Enterotoxigenic E. coli - ETEC); ipaH (Enteroinvasive E. coli - EIEC); aatA and aaiC (Enteroaggregative E. coli - EAEC). Positive strains for eaeA and bfpA genes were considered typical EPEC, while strain positive exclusively for the eaeA gene were classified as atypical EPEC. The eaeA gene was identified in 20 E. coli strains and bfpA in 22 isolates. In addition, 11 and 9 belonged to tEPEC and aEPEC, respectively. No strain was positive for stx1 or stx2. A total of 47 (60.3%) strains and a total of 136 birds (81.4%) were negative for the remaining DEC pathotypes investigated. In conclusion, psittacine from illegal wildlife trade in Ceará State, Brazil, presented a relevant prevalence of typical and atypical EPEC, potentially playing a role as reservoirs of DEC strains in the environment. Thus, proper control measures must be adopted to block the spread of these pathogens.

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“…Avian colibacillosis aspects were described in a case report with a pet A. aestiva (Marietto-Gonçalves et al 2007), in which E. coli was isolated from several organs and lesions, which consisted of multiple granulomas and heterophilic infiltrate in lungs, congestion in kidneys, liver and brain, which are similar to the findings in this study. The most frequent lesions of colibacillosis are coagulative liver necrosis, aerossaculitis, granulomas, acute lung hemorrhage and congestion, enteritis with fusion of vili, epithelium hypertrophy and exfoliation, cellulitis with intense heterophilic infiltrate, multinuclear giant cells and fibrin-necrotic plaques; salpingitis with intense follicle necrosis and mixed infiltrate (Crespo et al 2001, Andrade et al 2006, Seeley et al 2014.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most frequent characteristics of avian salmonellosis are poor body condition, muscular atrophy, granulomas varying from multifocal to coalescent, transmural ulcerative necrosis of the gastrointestinal tract with clear presence of bacterial aggregation inside and outside the lesions, necrotizing hepatitis, interstitial pneumonia, myocarditis, epicarditis and necrotizing encephalitis (Madadgar et al 2009, Giovaninni et al 2012. In Australia, a flock of budgerigars with mortality caused by E. coli presented congestion and hemorrhage (Seeley et al 2014) as the main findings observed, similar to the results from this study, except the encephalitis present in different species of psittacine. The lesions caused by Salmonella Typhimurium in passerines in Switzerland had similar intensity to the ones caused by the strain in this study isolated from the A. aestiva, which was also sever necrotizing hepatitis (Giovaninni et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathologic and microbiologic aspects of pet psittacine infected by Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium

et al. 2017

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The role of Escherichia coli in healthy microbiota of psittacine is controversial, and the presence of Salmonella sp. indicates possible disease. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the presence of E. coli and Salmonella spp. in a psittacine pet that died in Fortaleza, Brazil, correlating pathogenicity aspects of the isolates through the evaluation of lesions and antimicrobial susceptibility. Psittacine pets sent to the Laboratory of Ornithological Studies, State University of Ceará, that died in 2014 and 2015 were necropsied. Fragments of liver, kidneys, intestine, lung, heart, spleen and brain were collected for microbiological and histopathological analyses. Scores were attributed to lesions and isolated strains submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility test. From the seventy necropsied birds, nineteen were positive for E. coli and one for Salmonella Typhimurium. Congestive lesions and lymphoplasmocitic inflammatory infiltrate were observed varying from light to moderate and were the main findings. In the analyzed strains, multidrug resistance against different groups of antibiotics was observed. In conclusion, according to the results, E. coli strains and the Salmonella Typhimurium isolate produced significant lesions in the psittacine pets, and multidrug resistance may hinder treatments with antibiotics used in avian pet medicine.

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INVESTIGATION AND CONTROL OF AN ATTACHING AND EFFACINGESCHERICHIA COLIOUTBREAK IN A COLONY OF CAPTIVE BUDGERIGARS (MELOPSITTACUS UNDULATUS)

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Differential responses of the gut transcriptome to plant protein diets in farmed Atlantic salmon

Differential responses of the gut transcriptome to plant protein diets in farmed Atlantic salmon

Molecular diagnosis of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolated from Psittaciformes of illegal wildlife trade

Pathologic and microbiologic aspects of pet psittacine infected by Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium

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