Investigation and Assessment for an effective approach to the reclamation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) contaminated site: SIN Bagnoli, Italy

Abstract

Native plant species were screened for their remediation potential for the removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminated soil of Bagnoli brownfield site (Southern Italy). Soils at this site contain all of the PAHs congeners at concentration levels well above the contamination threshold limits established by Italian environmental legislation for residential/recreational land use, which represent the remediation target. The concentration of 13 High Molecular Weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in soil rhizosphere, plants roots and plants leaves was assessed in order to evaluate native plants suitability for a gentle remediation of the study area. Analysis of soil microorganisms are provides important knowledge about bioremediation approach. Alphaproteobacteria , Betaproteobacteria , Gammaproteobacteria are the main phyla of bacteria observed in polluted soil. Functional metagenomics showed changes in dioxygenases, laccase, protocatechuate, and benzoate-degrading enzyme genes. Indolacetic acid production, siderophores release, exopolysaccharides production and ammonia production are the key for the selection of the rhizosphere bacterial population. Our data demonstrated that the natural plant-bacteria partnership is the best strategy for the remediation of a PAHs-contaminated soil.

Plant-Soil-Microbiota Combination for the Removal of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH): An In-Field Experiment

“…The molecular identification of the autochthonous bacteria present in the contaminated soil prior (BPH) and after (APH) the experimental design was obtained following the method reported in Guarino et al (2019) . Two grams of soil were used for the isolation of genomic DNA using the PowerSoil DNA Isolation Kit (MoBio Laboratories Inc., United States), which is effective at removing PCR inhibitors from even the most difficult soil types, according to the producer’s protocol.…”

“…Two dichloromethane (CH 2 Cl 2 ) in series extraction were stirred (20 ml of CH 2 Cl 2 for 5 g of soil) in a Turbula for 2 h. The clean-up process was performed in silica gel column. Extracts were concentrated under a nitrogen stream at 35°C for 50 min using a Zymark TurboVap Evaporator and the residue reconstituted a final volume of 10 ml and was analyzed by GC-MS (7890 A, Agilent, United States) according to the method used for the SimDist analysis ( Guarino et al, 2017 , 2019 ). Different hydrocarbon fractions were determined (see Table 1 ).…”

Ecotoxicity of soil contaminated with diesel fuel and biodiesel

“…Diesel fuels consist of the hydrocarbon groups, including n-paraffins, isoparaffins, naphthenes, olefins and aromatics 59 . In soils, aromatic hydrocarbons have high durability and varied toxicity 60 . Biodiesel is different from petroleum fuels, and the properties of the two types of biodiesel used in this study are also different.…”

Assessment of Biodegradation Efficiency of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) in Soil Using Three Individual Bacterial Strains and Their Mixed Culture

“…In bioremediation techniques for historically PCBs polluted soil, it is preferred to apply mixed bacterial cultures [18,19,38,68]. The studies carried out now on acceleration of petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) biodegradation through biotechnological processes, with the use of active bacterial cultures, prove that these are the most rational methods for bioremediation of polluted soil and due to relatively low costs and high effectiveness they are practically used on a technical scale [39,40,69]. Therefore, tests on the biodegradation process of PCBs and TPH were carried out in real Soil D (non-sterile), contaminated with petroleum derivatives and aged transformer oil, in ex-situ semi-technical prism method.…”