Investigating the relationship of working memory tasks and fluid intelligence tests by means of the fixed-links model in considering the impurity problem

Schweizer, Karl

doi:10.1016/j.intell.2006.11.004

Cited by 43 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Schweizer (2007) put forward the idea of impurity of WMC measures as a possible explanation of the high correlations found in previous studies. Impurity results from the fact that tasks capturing cognitive functions do not only measure the intended variance due to the process of interest, but also variance caused by other processes, such as basic aspects of information processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Recently, Schweizer (2007) used the fixed-links modeling approach to investigate the relationship between individual differences in intelligence and working memory processes. Using the Exchange Test (Schweizer, 1996) as a measure of WMC, Schweizer (2007) identified two independent latent variables.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using the Exchange Test (Schweizer, 1996) as a measure of WMC, Schweizer (2007) identified two independent latent variables. One latent variable represented processes that were independent of experimental manipulation with unstandardized factor loadings fixed to 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elucidating the Functional Relationship Between Working Memory Capacity and Psychometric Intelligence: A Fixed-Links Modeling Approach for Experimental Repeated-Measures Designs

Thomas¹,

Rammsayer²,

Schweizer³

et al. 2015

ACP

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working memory capacity, fluid intelligence, fixed-links modeling, confirmatory factor analysis numerous studies reported a strong link between working memory capacity (WMc) and fluid intelligence (gf), although views differ in respect to how close these two constructs are related to each other. in the present study, we used a WMc task with five levels of task demands to assess the relationship between WMc and gf by means of a new methodological approach referred to as fixed-links modeling. Fixed-links models belong to the family of confirmatory factor analysis (cFA) and are of particular interest for experimental, repeated-measures designs. With this technique, processes systematically varying across task conditions can be disentangled from processes unaffected by the experimental manipulation. Proceeding from the assumption that experimental manipulation in a WMc task leads to increasing demands on WMc, the processes systematically varying across task conditions can be assumed to be WMc-specific. Processes not varying across task conditions, on the other hand, are probably independent of WMc. Fixed-links models allow for representing these two kinds of processes by two independent latent variables. in contrast to traditional cFA where a common latent variable is derived from the different task conditions, fixed-links models facilitate a more precise or purified representation of the WMc-related processes of interest. By using fixed-links modeling to analyze data of 200 participants, we identified a non-experimental latent variable, representing processes that remained constant irrespective of the WMc task conditions, and an experimental latent variable which reflected processes that varied as a function of experimental manipulation. this latter variable represents the increasing demands on WMc and, hence, was considered a purified measure of WMc controlled for the constant processes. Fixed-links modeling showed that both the purified measure of WMc (β = .48) as well as the constant processes involved in the task (β = .45) were related to gf. taken together, these two latent variables explained the same portion of variance of gf as a single latent variable obtained by traditional cFA (β = .65) indicating that traditional cFA causes an overestimation of the effective relationship between WMc and gf. thus, fixed-links modeling provides a feasible method for a more valid investigation of the functional relationship between specific constructs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Elucidating the Functional Relationship Between Working Memory Capacity and Psychometric Intelligence: A Fixed-Links Modeling Approach for Experimental Repeated-Measures Designs

Thomas¹,

Rammsayer²,

Schweizer³

et al. 2015

ACP

Self Cite

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“…For example, according to Jensen (1982) four different processes contribute to the choice reaction time considered as indicator of mental speed; among them are motor processes that are not indicative of mental speed. Cognitive measures have repeatedly been denounced to show such kind of impurity (Miyake et al, 2000, Schweizer, 2007Van Zomeren & Brouwer, 1994). Impurity can be due to similarity among the items or trials or due to the participants' using different strategies in completing the items of the measure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One way of dealing with such impurity is to represent it as part of a multi-dimensional model that separates impurity from the contribution of the cognitive process or processes of interest (Schweizer, 2007). In this case cross-loadings must be accepted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construct-focused Configural Invariance for Measures Showing a Multi-dimensional Structure and Application to Exchange Test Data

Schweizer

Ren²,

Schreiner³

2016

IJSP

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The concept of construct-focused configural invariance is proposed for investigating the measurement invariance of measures that need to be represented by means of a multi-dimensional model with constrained discriminability. The major characteristic of this concept is the concentration of the investigation of invariance on the component representing the process or processes associated with the construct of interest. This concept enables the exclusion of other components accounting for irrelevant but systematic variance from an investigation. Three large sets of Exchange Test data that differed according to the applied version of the Exchange Test and the population from which the samples originated were investigated according to this concept. Two samples were university students and the third one internet users. It was possible to establish construct-focused configural invariance and corresponding metric invariance for Exchange Test.

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The Relationship of Attention and Intelligence

Schweizer

2010

Handbook of Individual Differences in Cognition

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Investigating the relationship of working memory tasks and fluid intelligence tests by means of the fixed-links model in considering the impurity problem

Cited by 43 publications

References 51 publications

Elucidating the Functional Relationship Between Working Memory Capacity and Psychometric Intelligence: A Fixed-Links Modeling Approach for Experimental Repeated-Measures Designs

Elucidating the Functional Relationship Between Working Memory Capacity and Psychometric Intelligence: A Fixed-Links Modeling Approach for Experimental Repeated-Measures Designs

Construct-focused Configural Invariance for Measures Showing a Multi-dimensional Structure and Application to Exchange Test Data

The Relationship of Attention and Intelligence

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