Investigating the pyrolysis temperature to define the use of charcoal

Dias, Ananias Francisco; Esteves, Rosi Pompeu; Silva, Álison Moreira da; Júnior, Aécio Dantas Sousa; Oliveira, Michel Picanço; Brito, José Ótávio; Napoli, Alfredo; Braga, Benone Magalhães

doi:10.1007/s00107-019-01489-6

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Ash content appears to increase with combustion as expected [57,58]. Likewise, fixed carbon content appears to increase as combustion progresses and it is in accordance with results of other researchers [57][58][59] and with the EDS results obtained in the present study. This increase is suggested to be a result of pyrolytic process which favors the volatile removal and consequently the elevation of ash-minerals and carbon [57].…”

Section: Proximate Analysissupporting

confidence: 93%

“…As it was anticipated, the volatile matter was lower in fully charred material as it is negatively correlated with temperature [57][58][59]. Similar values for volatile matter have been recorded by Dias Junior et al (2020) [59] indicating combustion at/over 450 • C. The difference of volatile matter between the two conditions can be attributed to the barrier role of charred layer over the inner areas [60,61]. Ash content appears to increase with combustion as expected [57,58].…”

Section: Proximate Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Characterization of Waterlogged Charred Wood: The Case of a Medieval Shipwreck

Mitsi

Boyatzis

Pournou

2021

Forests

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In 2008, a medieval wooden shipwreck was discovered at the port of Rhodes, Greece. The shipwreck was party burned, presenting a challenge for conservators, as uncharred, semi-charred and charred waterlogged wood were often encountered on the same piece of timber. In seeking the most appropriate conservation method for this unusual material, its chemical characterization was considered necessary. This study examined the chemistry of the three dominant wood conditions found in the wreck. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis were implemented in comparison to reference samples. Energy dispersive analysis was also used for assessing the inorganic composition of each condition. Moreover, for charred and semi-charred wood, proximate analysis was undertaken. Results obtained regarding the organic moieties of the waterlogged archaeological material, demonstrated that charred samples were chemically comparable to charcoals, semi-charred material showed similarity to thermally modified wood, whereas uncharred waterlogged wood was proven to have an analogous chemistry to biodeteriorated wood. Elemental analysis results also diversified among the three shipwreck’s conditions. Sulfur, iron, and oxygen decreased in charred areas, whereas carbon increased. Proximate analysis showed that ash and fixed carbon content increased with charring, whereas volatile mater decreased. This work proved major chemical differences among shipwreck timbers’ conditions owing to different degree of charring. These are anticipated to influence not only conservation methods’ efficacy, but also the post-treatment behavior of the material. Further investigation is needed for correlating the chemistry of the archaeological material to its physical properties in order to contribute to practical aspects of conservation.

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Section: Proximate Analysissupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Proximate Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Characterization of Waterlogged Charred Wood: The Case of a Medieval Shipwreck

Mitsi

Boyatzis

Pournou

2021

Forests

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“…This is in line with the results reported by Kumar et al [37] and de Abreu Neto et al [43], who observed a positive correlation between hardness and apparent density of wood chars. However, Dias Júnior et al [38], in view on their breaking strength measurements for several charcoals produced at different pyrolysis temperatures, suggested that the apparent density of charcoal by itself was not a suitable indicator of its mechanical resistance.…”

Section: Strength Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the one hand, both penetration resistance and aggregate stability of the soil once biochar is applied are some of the measured parameters [27,28] when the objective is to determine the mechanical properties of the amended soil. On the other hand, the mechanical behavior of biochar has been assessed for specific applications such as land-fill biocovers and in-ground filtration systems [29][30][31], addition of charcoal to construction materials or biocomposites [32], fuel pellets production [33][34][35], and heating blast furnaces to industrial iron production [36][37][38][39]. The characterization methodologies adopted for the aforementioned applications are based on standards for soils, geoengineering, plastics, and other specific materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Feedstock and Final Pyrolysis Temperature on Breaking Strength and Dust Production of Wood-Derived Biochars

et al. 2021

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The susceptibility to fragmentation of biochar is an important property to consider in field applications. Physical and mechanical properties of wood-derived biochars from vine shoots and holm oak were studied to evaluate the effect of biomass feedstock, final pyrolysis temperature and application conditions. Vine shoots and holm oak pruning residues were selected for biochar production. Slow pyrolysis experiments were conducted at two different final temperatures (400 and 600 °C). Physical and chemical characteristics of biomass and biochars were determined. Impact strength was evaluated through the measurement of the gravitational potential energy per unit area (J mm−2) necessary for the breakage of biochar fragments. Shear strength (N mm−2) and a combination of shear/compression strengths (N) were analyzed using a Universal Texture Analyzer. A particular mechanical treatment was carried out on biochar samples to simulate the processing bodies of a commercial manure spreader, under two gravimetric moisture contents. Holm oak-derived biochar was more resistant than vine shoot-derived biochar to the applied forces. Vine shoots-derived biochar did not show a significantly different mechanical behavior between temperatures. Holm Oak-derived biochar produced at the higher final pyrolysis temperature showed higher resistance to be broken into smaller pieces. Moistening resulted in an adequate practice to improve mechanical spreading.

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“…For the steel industries, a lower content of volatile materials and a higher content of fixed carbon are also desired for charcoal, as charcoal plays the role of thermal reducer, supplying carbon to remove oxygen from iron ore and fuel for energy generation (DIAS JUNIOR et al, 2020).…”

Section: Immediate Chemical Analysis (Ica) Volatile Materials Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

QUALITY OF CHARCOAL FROM THREE SPECIES OF THE Eucalyptus AND THE Corymbia citriodora SPECIES PLANTED IN THE SOUTH OF TOCANTINS

Oliveira

Silva

Carvalho

et al. 2020

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We aimed to assess the quality of charcoal from three Eucalyptus and Corymbia citriodora species for energy production in the South of Tocantins state. A hybrid Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis, the species Eucalyptus urophylla, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, and Corymbia citriodora were selected for the study. In the preparation of the material, 20 specimens of each species with the dimensions of 2.0 x 2.0 x 5.0 cm were made, being ten repetitions for each carbonization gait with different final temperatures and heating rates. The basic wood density, total gravimetric yield, total yields in condensable and non-condensable gases, immediate chemical analysis, and higher calorific value were determined. Corymbia citriodora presented higher wood basic density (0.583 g/cm³) and charcoal apparent density (0.459 g/cm³). In immediate chemical analysis, Eucalyptus urophylla and Corymbia citriodora presented the best averages among all species. The calorific value ranged from 7235.97 to 7573.98 (kcal/kg), considered an acceptable value for energy production. The final carbonization temperature of 550°C is recommended, with Eucalyptus urophylla and Corymbia citriodora presenting the best averages.

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Investigating the pyrolysis temperature to define the use of charcoal

Cited by 32 publications

References 38 publications

Chemical Characterization of Waterlogged Charred Wood: The Case of a Medieval Shipwreck

Chemical Characterization of Waterlogged Charred Wood: The Case of a Medieval Shipwreck

Influence of Feedstock and Final Pyrolysis Temperature on Breaking Strength and Dust Production of Wood-Derived Biochars

QUALITY OF CHARCOAL FROM THREE SPECIES OF THE Eucalyptus AND THE Corymbia citriodora SPECIES PLANTED IN THE SOUTH OF TOCANTINS

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