Investigating the effects of a craving induction procedure on cognitive bias in cannabis users

Eastwood, Brian J.; Bradley, Brendan P.; Mogg, Karin; Tyler, Elizabeth M.; Field, Matt

doi:10.1080/16066350802699328

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…However, contrary to our expectations, marijuana urge was not associated with attentional bias. Prior research found an association between subjective craving and attentional bias to marijuana words (Field, 2005; Field et al, 2004), but, similar to our study, findings did not generalize to the only other CR paradigm where urge was experimentally manipulated (Eastwood et al, 2010). This suggests that intensity may be a more proximal behavioral measure of explicit “wanting” of marijuana that underlies implicit changes in attention to marijuana stimuli.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…Regular cannabis users have also demonstrated increased attentional bias to cannabis-related versus neutral cues relative to non-users (Cousijn et al, 2013b; Field et al, 2006), and when under the acute influence of marijuana, relative to placebo (Metrik et al, 2015). High levels of craving are likely related to increases in a drug’s incentive salience and attentional bias to drug-related cues (Field, 2005; Field et al, 2004), although findings from one prior marijuana cue-induction study utilizing video and auditory cues did not support this assumption (Eastwood et al, 2010). It is possible, however, that a more robust increase in craving or in demand in response to more salient marijuana cues (e.g., actual lit marijuana cigarette) may be associated with greater attentional bias to marijuana cues on a modified Stroop task.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cue-elicited increases in incentive salience for marijuana: Craving, demand, and attentional bias

Metrik

Aston

Kahler

et al. 2016

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background Incentive salience is a multidimensional construct that includes craving, drug value relative to other reinforcers, and implicit motivation such as attentional bias to drug cues. Laboratory cue reactivity (CR) paradigms have been used to evaluate marijuana incentive salience with measures of craving, but not with behavioral economic measures of marijuana demand or implicit attentional processing tasks. Methods This within-subjects study used a new CR paradigm to examine multiple dimensions of marijuana’s incentive salience and to compare CR-induced increases in craving and demand. Frequent marijuana users (N=93, 34% female) underwent exposure to neutral cues then to lit marijuana cigarettes. Craving, marijuana demand via a marijuana purchase task, and heart rate were assessed after each cue set. A modified Stroop task with cannabis and control words was completed after the marijuana cues as a measure of attentional bias. Results Relative to neutral cues, marijuana cues significantly increased subjective craving and demand indices of intensity (i.e., drug consumed at $0) and Omax (i.e., peak drug expenditure). Elasticity significantly decreased following marijuana cues, reflecting sustained purchase despite price increases. Craving was correlated with demand indices (r’s: 0.23–0.30). Marijuana users displayed significant attentional bias for cannabis-related words after marijuana cues. Cue-elicited increases in intensity were associated with greater attentional bias for marijuana words. Conclusions Greater incentive salience indexed by subjective, behavioral economic, and implicit measures was observed after marijuana versus neutral cues, supporting multidimensional assessment. The study highlights the utility of a behavioral economic approach in detecting cue-elicited changes in marijuana incentive salience.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cue-elicited increases in incentive salience for marijuana: Craving, demand, and attentional bias

Metrik

Aston

Kahler

et al. 2016

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…Retrospective studies among non-treatment-seeking adult cannabis users indicated that more than half of participants reported craving as an important withdrawal symptom and a major factor in the inability to sustain abstinence (14)(15)(16). Human laboratory studies usually, but not always, find that cannabis deprivation (17)(18)(19) or cannabis-associated imagery are associated with increased cannabis craving (18,(20)(21)(22). Psychological stress, such as from a public speaking task, and social anxiety, may also increase cannabis craving (23,24).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Validation of the French Version of the Marijuana Craving Questionnaire (MCQ) Generates a Two-Factor Model

Chauchard

Goutaudier

Heishman

et al. 2014

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse

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“…The script was previously used as a procedure for drug cue exposure and was found to significantly increase self-reported craving for drug-of-choice (e.g. Gray et al, 2008, McRae-Clark et al, 2011, Eastwood et al, 2010, and was associated with intention to use marijuana and inability to control marijuana use (Singleton et al, 2002, Eastwood et al, 2010.…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of craving on implicit cognitive mechanisms involved in risk behavior: can dialectical behavior therapy in therapeutic communities make a difference? A pilot study

Rabinovitz

Nagar

2018

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine pre- to post-change in two components of implicit cognitive functioning following craving induction – attentional bias (AB) and executive control – of patients in a long-term drug-free residential treatment center that incorporated dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) with usual therapeutic community (TC) practices. Design/methodology/approach Three groups of alcohol and cannabis dependent female adolescents were compared: pre-treatment (n=12), following four months of treatment (n=11), and following 12 months of treatment (n=7). Findings The results indicate significantly lower AB (as measured by visual probe task) and improved response inhibition (as measured by stop signal task) under craving conditions, after 12 months of DBT. Research limitations/implications Naturalistic character of the study did not allow the use of repeated measures design, drug using control groups, randomized clinical trial, or performing a longitudinal follow-up. However, the findings show that DBT for drug abusing female adolescents in a long-term residential setting may be an effective intervention to enhance cognitive and executive functions critical to the risk chain involved in relapse and recidivism, supporting the implementation of DBT in TC residential settings. Originality/value This is the first research paper that examined effects of DBT+TC on substance dependent female adolescents’ cognitive mechanisms using well-validated behavioral tasks. The research provides some empirical evidence for the improvement in AB and response inhibition under craving conditions following treatment.

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Investigating the effects of a craving induction procedure on cognitive bias in cannabis users

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Cue-elicited increases in incentive salience for marijuana: Craving, demand, and attentional bias

Cue-elicited increases in incentive salience for marijuana: Craving, demand, and attentional bias

Validation of the French Version of the Marijuana Craving Questionnaire (MCQ) Generates a Two-Factor Model

The effects of craving on implicit cognitive mechanisms involved in risk behavior: can dialectical behavior therapy in therapeutic communities make a difference? A pilot study

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