As a salt, chelating compounds can also melt at nearly room temperature, which is so called chelate-based ionic liquids (ChILs). ChILs have been successfully used in catalysis, gas capture and other fields, which not only enrich the types of ILs but also expand their application range. However, researches on the structure and physical properties of ChILs are still lacking. In order to fill this gap, we carried out a series of researches which can be divided into three parts: (1) Physicochemical properties of pure ChILs and their mixtures with molecular solvents; (2) structural and electronic properties by quantitative calculation combined with single crystals; (3) The interactions between ChILs and molecular solvents. By means of experiments and quantum chemistry, a systematic research for ChILs from micro to macro was established, which will shed a light to rational design and practical applications.