An overview of magnetic ionic liquids: From synthetic strategies to applications in microextraction techniques

Abstract

Remarkable progress has been achieved in the application of magnetic ionic liquids in microextraction-based procedures. These materials exhibit unique physicochemical properties of ionic liquids featuring additional responses to magnetic fields by incorporating a paramagnetic component within the chemical structure. This intriguing property can open new horizons in analytical extractions because the solvent manipulation is facilitated. Moreover, the tunable chemical structures of magnetic ionic liquids also allow for task-specific extractions that can significantly increase the method selectivity. This review aimed at providing an up-to-date overview of articles involving synthesis, physicochemical properties, and applications of magnetic ionic liquids highlighting recent developments and configurations. Moreover, a section containing critical evaluation and future trends in magnetic ionic liquid-based extractions is included.

A microwave‐assisted extraction method combined with magnetic ionic liquid‐based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the extraction of chloramine–T from fish samples prior to its determination by high‐performance liquid chromatography

“…Besides the advantages of DLLME (simplicity, rapidity, high extraction recovery (ER), and enrichment factor), this method also has some problems like application of the toxic and expensive extraction solvents and the requirement of a time‐consuming centrifugation process [12–14]. To overcome the difficulty associated with extraction solvent, magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) were introduced and used in the extraction procedure [15]. By application of this type of solvents, the need for centrifugation process is omitted and the solvent droplets can be isolated from the sample solution in the presence of an external magnetic field [16, 17].…”

“…To overcome the difficulty associated with extraction solvent, magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) were introduced and used in the extraction procedure [15]. By application of this type of solvents, the need for centrifugation process is omitted and the solvent droplets can be isolated from the sample solution in the presence of an external magnetic field [16,17].…”

Broadband NMR Relaxometry as a Powerful Technique to Study Molecular Dynamics of Ionic Liquids

“…Magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) are a class of ILs that have paramagnetic properties due to the incorporation of paramagnetic components within the cation, anion or both and present a strong response to external magnetic fields. [60,61] The most common MILs contain transition metal or lanthanide complexes in the anion structure and their transport properties, which can be influenced by the presence of a magnetic field, have been investigated via NMR relaxometry. [18,21,25] Daniel et al [18] studied the influence of external magnetic fields on molecular dynamics and viscosity of the nonmagnetic IL [Aliquat][Cl] (Aliquat = quaternary ammonium cation, C 25 H 54 N) and the MIL made of a mixture of [Aliquat][Cl] and 1 % (v/v) of its magnetic analog [Aliquat][FeCl 4 ], where the [Cl] anions were substituted by iron anions [FeCl 4 ].…”

Enhancement of Peroxidase Activity in Magnetic Ionic Liquids

“…The physicochemical properties of ILs can be varied by tuning their cations and anions; thus, they are also known as designer solvents . These properties make them suitable solvents for preserving and extracting proteins and biomolecules. − ILs are also used for the storage, stability, and extraction of proteins and nucleic acids. − The effect of ILs on the function and enzymatic activity of proteins is of paramount importance in chemical biology. − Depending on their physical and chemical properties and applications, ILs are categorized into room-temperature ILs (RTILs), task-specific ILs (TSILs), supported IL membranes (SILMs), and magnetic ILs (MILs). , Among these, MILs have received increasing interest in the fields of gas separation, catalytic reactions, and electro-chromic devices due to their strong response to the external magnetic field. , Some reports mention MILs as a solvent for the storage and extraction of biomolecules and nucleic acids. − Anderson and coworkers reported the efficiency of ammonium-based MILs in the extraction of long and short plasmid DNA from bacterial cell lysate and salmon testes . They have also developed a method to remove DNA from the MIL by designing a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) buffer and on coupling it with the process. , In another report, Anderson and coworkers describe a particle-free approach to sequence-specific DNA extraction using MILs .…”