Investigating the Chemical Nature of Flat Rheology

Hilfiger, Matthew G.; Thaemlitz, Carl J.; Moellendick, Eric

doi:10.2118/180320-ms

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The fluid flow properties [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] -PV, AV, and YP-of the OBMs were derived from the slope of shear stress and shear rate based on the Bingham plastic model. The PV and AV of OBMs provide information on resistance of fluid flow.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These difficulties are avoidable, if the OBMs show minimal changes in viscosity over a wide range of wellbore temperatures. A comparison between traditional rheology and flat rheology [28][29][30]32 has been illustrated in Scheme 3. In traditional rheology 33 , the viscosities measured at different shear rates decreases with an increase in temperature.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organically modified layered magnesium silicates to improve rheology of reservoir drilling fluids

Santra

2020

Sci Rep

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Petroleum well drilling fluids are one of the most significant constituents in the subterranean drilling processes to meet an increasing global demand for oil and gas. Drilling fluids experience exceptional wellbore conditions, e.g. high temperature and high pressure that adversely affect the rheology of these fluids. Gas and oil well drilling operations have to adjourn due to changes in fluid rheology, since the drilling fluids may lose their effectiveness to suspend heavy particles and to carry drilled cuttings to the surface. The rheological properties of drilling fluids can be controlled by employing viscosifiers that should have exceptional stability in downhole environments. Here, we have developed nextgeneration viscosifiers-organically modified magnesium silicates (MSils)-for reservoir drilling fluids where organic functionalities are directly linked through the Si-C bond, unlike the industry's traditional viscosifier, organoclay, that has electrostatic linkages. The successful formation of covalently-linked hexadecyl and phenyl functionalized magnesium silicates (MSil-C16 and MSil-Ph) were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Identical drilling fluid formulations were designed for comparison using MSils and a commercial viscosifier. The rheological properties of fluids were measured at ambient conditions as well as at high temperatures (up to 150 °C) and high pressure (70 MPa). Owing to strong covalent linkages, drilling fluids that were formulated with MSils showed a 19.3% increase in yield point (YP) and a 31% decrease in apparent viscosity (AV) at 150 °C under 70 MPa pressure, as compared to drilling fluids that were formulated with traditional organoclay. The higher yield point and lower apparent viscosity are known to facilitate and increased drilling rate of penetration of the fluids and an enhanced equivalent circulation density (ECD), the dynamic density condition, for efficient oil and gas wells drilling procedures.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organically modified layered magnesium silicates to improve rheology of reservoir drilling fluids

Santra

2020

Sci Rep

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“…The term "flat rheology" used to describe a drilling fluid is a concept recently introduced to the oil industry and refers in general to "constant" or "continuous" rheological properties [46,[75][76][77][78] as shown in Figure 5.…”

Section: Rheological Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can promote lost circulation and high equivalent circulating density (ECD) increasing difficulty of pressure control [46,75,76]. Thus, in order to avoid critical ECDs, drilling fluid rheology should be controlled.…”

Section: Rheological Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Drilling Fluids for Deepwater Fields: An Overview

Alcázar-Vara¹,

Cortés-Monroy²

2018

Recent Insights in Petroleum Science and Engineering

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The increasing oil demand around the world along with the depletion of onshore and shallow water oil reserves have forced the oil companies moving into the development of deepwater subsea hydrocarbon reservoirs. Drilling fluids play a key role in all drilling operations, but they get a greater relevance in deepwater environments where the technological challenges of drilling at these extreme conditions generate significant operational risks as well as very high costs during the development of this kind of fields. The operational issues and concerns related to the drilling fluid design and application for deepwater fields are generally well known: narrow pore/fracture pressure gradient margins, wellbore stability, clay swelling, gas hydrates formation, formation damage, salt formations, lost circulation, stuck pipe, cuttings transport and environmental and safety aspects. Therefore, the present chapter aims to give an overview on the main challenges and research related to drilling fluid design and application for deepwater fields through the revision of the state of the art of the current and innovative technological solutions reported in literature.

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“…These problems can easily lead to major incidents, such as formation fractures, loss of solution at the casing shoe, and more serious well leaks. The concept of “flat rheology” has been developed for deepwater drilling fluid applications to address such problems [ 20 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Temperature-Sensitive Polymeric Rheology Modifier Used in Water-Based Drilling Fluid for Deepwater Drilling

Wang

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2022

Gels

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Rheology modifiers are essential for the flat rheology of water-based drilling fluids in deepwater. The low temperature thickening of deepwater water-based drilling fluids results in dramatic rheological changes in the 20–30 °C range. To address such problems, NIPAM with a self-polymerized product LCST of 32–35 °C was selected as the main body for synthesis. While introducing the hydrophilic monomer AM to enhance the thickening properties, the hydrophobic monomer BA was selected to reduce the LCST of the product. In this paper, a temperature-sensitive polymeric rheology modifier (PNBAM) was synthesized by emulsion polymerization using N-isopropyl acrylamide, acrylamide, and butyl acrylate as monomers. The PNBAM was characterized using infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy (NMR). The rheological properties, temperature resistance, and salt resistance of PNBAM in the base fluid (BF) were tested. The performance of PNBAM in the drilling fluid system was also evaluated, and a water-based drilling fluid system of flat rheology for deepwater was formulated. The rheological modification mechanism of PNBAM was analyzed by turbidity analysis, particle size analysis, and zeta analysis. Experimental results show that PNBAM has good rheological properties. PNBAM is temperature resistant to 150 °C, salt-resistant to 30 wt%, and calcium resistant to 1.0 wt%. PNBAM also has good flat rheology characteristics in drilling fluid systems: AV4°C:AV25°C = 1.27, PV4°C:PV25°C = 1.19. Mechanistic analysis showed that the LCST (Lower Critical Solution Temperature) of 0.2 wt% PNBAM in an aqueous solution was 31 °C. Through changes in hydrogen bonding forces with water, PNBAM can regulate its hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties before and after LCST, which thus assists BF to achieve a flat rheological effect. In summary, the temperature-sensitive effect of PNBAM has the property of enhancing with increasing temperature. While the tackifying effect of conventional rheology modifiers diminishes with increasing temperature, the temperature-sensitive effect of PNBAM gives it an enhanced thickening effect with increasing temperature, making it a more novel rheology modifier compared to conventional treatment additives. After LCST, compared to conventional rheology modifiers (XC), PNBAM has a more pronounced thermo-thickening effect, improving the main rheological parameters of BF by more than 100% or even up to 200% (XC less than 50%). This contributes to the flat rheology of drilling fluids. PNBAM has good application prospects and serves as a good reference for the development of other rheology modifiers.

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Investigating the Chemical Nature of Flat Rheology

Cited by 14 publications

References 7 publications

Organically modified layered magnesium silicates to improve rheology of reservoir drilling fluids

Organically modified layered magnesium silicates to improve rheology of reservoir drilling fluids

Drilling Fluids for Deepwater Fields: An Overview

A Temperature-Sensitive Polymeric Rheology Modifier Used in Water-Based Drilling Fluid for Deepwater Drilling

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