Investigating Tensile Behavior of Sustainable Basalt–Carbon, Basalt–Steel, and Basalt–Steel-Wire Hybrid Composite Bars

Abstract

One of the main disadvantages of steel bars is rebar corrosion, especially when they are exposed to aggressive environmental conditions such as marine environments. One of the suggested ways to solve this problem is to use composite bars. However, the use of these bars is ambiguous due to some weaknesses, such as low modulus of elasticity and linear behavior in the tensile tests. In this research, the effect of the hybridization process on mechanical behavior, including tensile strength, elastic modulus, and energy absorbed of composite bars, was evaluated. In addition, using basalt fibers because of their appropriate mechanical behavior, such as elastic modulus, tensile strength, durability, and high-temperature resistance, compared to glass fibers, as the main fibers in all types of composite hybrid bars, was investigated. A total of 12 hybrid composite bars were made in four different groups. Basalt and carbon T300 composite fibers, steel bars with a diameter of 6 mm, and steel wires with a diameter of 1.5 mm were used to fabricate hybrid composite bars, and vinyl ester 901 was used as the resin. The results show that, depending on composite fibers used for fabrication of hybrid composite bars, the modulus of elasticity and the tensile strength increased compared to glass-fiber-reinforced-polymer (GFRP) bars by 83% to 120% and 6% to 26%, respectively. Moreover, hybrid composite bars with basalt and steel wires witnessed higher absorbed energy compared to other types of hybrid composite bars.

A Comprehensive Review of the Effects of Different Simulated Environmental Conditions and Hybridization Processes on the Mechanical Behavior of Different FRP Bars

“…The concept of the hybridization process refers to applying different materials in one cross-section of an FRP bar to exert a pseudo-ductile behavior on fabricated hybrid FRP bars. As the different materials used for fabricating hybrid FRP bars have a different ultimate tensile strain, this leads to the ductility of fabricated FRP bars under tensile stress [44,101]. Research has shown that the use of steel materials for the fabrication of hybrid composite bars can lead to better ductility, in comparison with fabricating hybrid composite bars by only using different composite materials in one section of each hybrid composite bar.…”

“…Another viable approach to dealing with the aforementioned issues is by using fiberreinforced polymer (FRP) bars. This is due to their appropriate mechanical behavior, such as their tensile strength, durability, and anti-corrosion performance resistance [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]. Supplanting FRP bars with conventional steel bars can preserve the mechanical behavior of reinforced concrete elements [56].…”

The Mechanical and Durability Properties of Cement Mortars with Different Types of Fibers and Chemical Admixtures

“…In this study, mechanical and durability properties of basalt and glass fiber reinforced cement mortars at different fiber lengths and diameters were investigated. Glass [21,22] and basalt [23,24] fibers are among the most widely used fibers in concrete due to their good mechanical and durability properties [25]. Although the production of basalt and glass fibers, both of which are silicate, is similar [26], basalt fibers have a more environmentally friendly production process.…”

A Review on the Effect of Metakaolin on the Chloride Binding of Concrete, Mortar, and Paste Specimens

“…The corrosion of embedded reinforcement in reinforced concrete structures is one of the most pervasive global durability challenges [17][18][19][20][21]. The utilization of clay-based SCMs can compromise the durability of concrete materials due to the reduced alkalinity of the pore solution chemistry which is an important factor in arresting chloride-induced electrochemical corrosion of embedded reinforcement [22,23].…”