“…Integrating technological tools in physical classrooms was a norm before COVID-19, yet the situation now requires new validation data. Researches in TPACK are also vastly carried out in various disciplines, such as sciences (Bonafini and Lee, 2021;Juanda et al, 2021;Ramnarain et al, 2021;Schmid et al, 2021), English language teaching (ELT) (Aşık et al, 2018;İşler and Yıldırım, 2018;Jwaifell et al, 2018;Lee and James, 2018;Sarıçoban et al, 2019;Singh and Kasim, 2019;Inpeng and Nomnian, 2020;Drajati et al, 2021;Syamdianita and Cahyono, 2021), preschool education (Masoumi, 2021), and special education (Oh and Park, 2018).…”