Investigating Electron Beam Deflections by a Long Straight Wire Carrying a Constant Current Using Direct Action, Emission-Based and Field Theory Approaches of Electrodynamics

Smith, Raymond Τ.; Maher, Simon

doi:10.2528/pierb17021103

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It has been demonstrated that it is consistent with Maxwell's equations [54][55][56][57][58]. Research into Weberian electrodynamics has received a significant contribution from Assis [38,55,[59][60][61] and has been applied to several pure and applied problems [43,52,57,[62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

A Novel Model of Unipolar Induction Phenomena Based on Direct Interaction Between Conductor Charges

Baumgärtel¹,

Smith²,

Maher³

2021

PIER

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Unipolar induction has been a heavily discussed phenomenon in the realm of electrodynamics, with research and experiments proposing and supporting different ways to explain the observed effects. This paper presents a novel model to predict induced electromotive forces in a Faraday generator, based on direct interaction between conductor charges. It is compared with predictions that are usually obtained through considerations of Lorentz force, flux linking or flux cutting rules. A standard apparatus provides additional experimental measurements that show good agreement with the theory.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

A Novel Model of Unipolar Induction Phenomena Based on Direct Interaction Between Conductor Charges

Baumgärtel¹,

Smith²,

Maher³

2021

PIER

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“…The constant velocity during the magnetic deflection phase ensures that the relative velocity or acceleration between the beam electrons is minimal such that they will mainly interact with the sphere's stationary charges (and the initial electrons from the gun until they leave the anode). Since previously similar electron gun experiments revealed a good comparison with the Weber force (although no Weber mass change was tested in such a configuration), we believe that this setup is very suitable to test for such an effect [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Considering a single electron inside a sphere with positive potentials in the Megavolt range could therefore lead to electrons with effective negative mass, which would certainly be of interest [11]. Assis was successful in using Weber mass to calculate selfinductance in electric circuits [12], and recent experiments with electron beam deflection near solenoids also showed that Weber electrodynamics can lead to accurate predictions [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Influence of a Field-Less Electrostatic Potential on Electron Beam Deflection as Predicted by Weber Electrodynamics

Weikert¹

2021

PIER M

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Assis predicted that based on Weber's electrodynamics, an alternative direct-action model formulated before Maxwell, a charge accelerating inside a sphere at constant electric potential, should have a measureable effective mass. Although initially some experiments appeared in the literature that indeed claimed such an effect, all recent studies found no evidence. All experiments so far used either discharges or electrons with non-constant accelerations that could mask the existence of Assis's prediction. We performed an experiment using a Perrin tube, which produces a beam of electrons with a constant velocity that can be deflected by Helmholtz coils to hit a Faraday cup. The tube assembly was put inside a spherical shell, which could be charged up to 20 kV. Any effective mass of the electrons would have changed their position on the Faraday cup. We found no variation of the electron position within our experimental accuracy, which rules out Assis's effect by two orders of magnitude. This confirms Maxwell's theory and the fact that electrostatic potential energy cannot be localized to individual charges.

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“…Third, the software package CPO [34] is used to calculate beam deflections, which employs the BEM to obtain numerical solutions. Recently, research interest in Weber electrodynamics has increased, where Weber's force has not only been applied to electron beam deflection [35][36][37], but also to other electromagnetic phenomena, such as induction [38][39][40], and superconductivity [41,42]. Moreover, the theory has further been connected to the fine structure of the hydrogen atom [43,44] and even Planck's constant [45,46].…”

Section: Mathematical Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Charged Particle Model based on Weber Electrodynamics for Electron Beam Trajectories in Coil and Solenoid Elements

Baumgärtel¹,

Maher²

2022

PIER C

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To aid with the design, evaluation, and optimisation of charged particle instrumentation, computer modelling is often used. It is therefore of interest to obtain accurate predictions for trajectories of charged species with the help of simulation. Particularly for solenoids and coils, which are often used for guiding, deflecting or focussing particle beams, knowledge of the magnetic field is required, especially in the fringing field regions. A novel model, which is based on a direct-line-of-action force between interacting charges, is described in this paper which accurately predicts the deflection of an electron beam trajectory traversing through a coil and the fringe field region. The model is further compared with a standard field model and a commercially available software package. Additionally, a relatively straightforward experiment has been designed and implemented to verify the simulation results, where it is found that the presented direct-action model is equally as accurate as field-based simulations compared with the experimental results. Furthermore, the magnetic field of a solenoid is visualised and analysed in terms of its radial, axial, and total field strength and compared to a force map obtained from the direct-interaction model. This representation allows for further comparison of the field and force interaction models and it is found that they are qualitatively the same.

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Investigating Electron Beam Deflections by a Long Straight Wire Carrying a Constant Current Using Direct Action, Emission-Based and Field Theory Approaches of Electrodynamics

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

A Novel Model of Unipolar Induction Phenomena Based on Direct Interaction Between Conductor Charges

A Novel Model of Unipolar Induction Phenomena Based on Direct Interaction Between Conductor Charges

Evaluation of the Influence of a Field-Less Electrostatic Potential on Electron Beam Deflection as Predicted by Weber Electrodynamics

A Charged Particle Model based on Weber Electrodynamics for Electron Beam Trajectories in Coil and Solenoid Elements

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