Invertebrates in risk assessment development of a test battery and of short term biotests for ecological risk assessment of soil

Achazi, R.K.

doi:10.1007/bf02991037

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Such bioassays integrate the combined effect of mixtures and that of contaminants not analyzed or for which soil quality levels do not exist (Weeks et al 2004a;Fernandez et al 2005;Spurgeon et al 2005;Jensen and Mesman 2006). Whereas soil extracts (e.g., eluates) are used to perform widely established tests with cladocerans, microalgae, and the luminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri (van Gestel et al 2001;Achazi 2002;Loureiro et al 2005a), soil samples are being increasingly evaluated through avoidance tests with earthworms (Hund-Rinke et al 2003;Antunes et al 2008) and collembolans (Natal-daLuz et al 2004). Earthworm avoidance tests have been shown to be a useful tool in the screening phase of risk assessment of contaminated soils , providing rapid information for future decisions (Schaefer 2003;Loureiro et al 2005b), while being ecological relevant and of low cost (Yeardley et al 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental risk assessment of a metal-contaminated area in the Tropics. Tier I: screening phase

et al. 2010

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Purpose The present study presents data on the screening phase (tier 1) of a site-specific ecological risk assessment in a former smelter area heavily contaminated with metals (Santo Amaro, Bahia, Brazil). Joining information from three lines of evidence (LoE), chemical, ecotoxicological, and ecological, integrated risk values were calculated to rank sites within the area and identify those that may need further investigation in tier 2. Materials and methods Eleven points were selected up to 1,000 m from the smelter. Three reference points were 3 and 9 km away from the area. Risk values for the chemical LoE were derived from calculating the toxic pressure based on total metal concentrations. Those for the ecotoxicological LoE were based on avoidance (Folsomia candida and Eisenia andrei) and eluate tests (Daphnia magna acute test and Microtox) whereas for the ecological LoE the bait lamina test, soil basal respiration, and vegetation cover were used to derive risk values. Results and discussionThe chemical LoE showed high risk in those points inside the area where metal loadings exceeded in much the existing soil screening values. Ecotoxicological tools showed a variable response, with tests on soil organisms inducing a higher risk (again at sites inside the smelter and with sandy soils) than tests on eluates. The three parameters composing the ecological LoE revealed a concordant response, despite the lower sensitivity of the vegetation cover. A high risk on this LoE was also observed on those sampling points where a high chemical risk was calculated. Conclusions Integrated risk was low outside the smelter area. Inside, a high spatial heterogeneity of risk levels was observed, related to the non homogeneous deposition of smelting residues. Very high risk levels, associated with sandy soils and residue deposits, suggest the need to proceed with remediation actions. However, the uncertainties associated with the contradictory information given by certain LoEs for certain sampling points show the need to confirm potential risks in a tier 2 analysis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental risk assessment of a metal-contaminated area in the Tropics. Tier I: screening phase

et al. 2010

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“…Indeed, risk assessment of contaminated soils should not be only based on the chemical determination of the total content or concentration of contaminants, since biological effects only relate to their bioavailable fraction [46]. Together with studies on mobility and uptake kinetics, exposure of sensitive organisms to soil elutriates to monitor ecotoxicological effects is seen as a major complement to chemical analyses to address bioavailability of contaminants [22,23,46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…direct assays with soil organisms or physical and chemical scrutiny [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. This study is part of a broader research project [REFUSE (III/AMB/2/2005), I.I.I., Portugal] that investigated the link and interdependency between structural and functional effects of pesticides in agricultural soils.…”

Section: Chlorpyrifos (Organophosphorus) Oo-diethyl O-(346-trichlomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a second stage, a series of sub-lethal toxicity bioassays were carried out using aquatic organisms previously recommended as part of standard batteries for soil toxicity assessment (e.g., [22,23]): (I) V. fischeri liquid-phase luminescent inhibition test-Microtox ® [41]; (II) microalgae (P. subcapitata) growth inhibition test [42,43]; (III) D. magna chronic toxicity test [44]. These bioassays were carried out using elutriates prepared from composite samples of soils (i.e., the 5 soil replicates within each soil sample were homogenised).…”

Section: Sub-lethal Toxicity Bioassaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural effects of the bioavailable fraction of pesticides in soil: Suitability of elutriate testing

Antunes

Pereira

Cachada

et al. 2010

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…Hund-Rinke and Wiechering 2001; Amorim et al 2005) to be used as an indicator of soil quality in a sublethal test-the earthworm avoidance test (ISO 2005). The advantages of avoidance tests rely on their short duration and reduced effort comparative to the acute or chronic tests, being generally more sensitive than the acute tests, while, according to some authors, they respond similarly to the reproduction tests (Achazi 2002;Garcia et al 2008;Hund-Rinke and Wiechering 2001;Hund-Rinke et al 2005;Yeardley et al 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Using earthworm avoidance behaviour to assess the toxicity of formulated herbicides and their active ingredients on natural soils

2009

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Background, aim, and scope Soil quality has been threatened by intensive agricultural practises, namely those relying on the application of pesticides, such as herbicides. Among the non-target terrestrial organisms exposed to such scenarios, earthworms are key ecological receptors widely used in ecotoxicological studies. As such, this work aims to assess the effects of two herbicide active ingredients (a.i.)-sulcotrione and penoxsulam-and their respective commercial formulations-MIKADO® and VIPER® (referred as Mikado and Viper)-on the avoidance behaviour of Eisenia andrei. In an attempt to enhance the ecological relevance of the generated toxicity data, the avoidance tests were run with standard (LUFA 2.2; L) and natural soils (from corn and rice fields), as long as their habitat function did not constrain the earthworm behaviour. Methodology Earthworms were bred in the lab before test conductance. The natural soils used as substrates were collected before the cropping season on corn (C) and rice (R) fields, which are integrated in a wide area exploited for agriculture. Their physico-chemical characterization evolved the determination of pH (H 2 O, KCl), conductivity, organic matter (OM) and clay/silt contents, and water-holding capacity (WHC). The avoidance tests intended to ascertain (1) the random distribution of earthworms in the natural soils C and R (dual-control tests), (2) the habitat function of natural soils against each other and against L soil, (3) the effect of active ingredients and formulated herbicides on E.andrei behaviour. Avoidance tests with the a.i.s were only performed in L soil. Data evaluation followed ISO (2005) guidelines.Results C and R soils presented higher OM (5.1% and 4.5%, respectively) and clay/silt (53.3 and 43.1, respectively) contents and WHC (107.2 and 109.9%, respectively) than L soil (4.1, 21.4 and 48.0%, correspondingly). Earthworms distributed randomly in dual-control tests, but preferred R soil significantly, relative to L or C soils. The LOEC and EC 50 values calculated for sulcotrione (>1,000.0 and 1,263.3 mg a.i. kg -1 , respectively) and Mikado (1,012.8 and 1,301.3 mg a.i. kg -1 , respectively) were much higher than those calculated for penoxsulam (100 and 80.6 mg a.i. kg -1 , respectively) or Viper (52.7 and 51.5 mg a.i. kg -1 , respectively), when L soil was used as substrate. Moreover, the habitat function of L soil contaminated with the formulated herbicide Viper was more constrained relative to that of the a.i. penoxsulam. Viper induced higher % avoidance on E. andrei exposed to the contaminated L soil compared to that under the R soil. Discussion The response of earthworms to R (attraction) and C (avoidance) soils could be related, not only to the quantity of OM content, but also to the quality of organic and inorganic fractions of soil, beyond other intrinsic properties of soils. Both Mikado and sulcotrione impacted the behaviour of E. andrei only slightly. This endpoint was more affected under penoxsulam or Viper exposures on L soil, being the latterformulated...

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Invertebrates in risk assessment development of a test battery and of short term biotests for ecological risk assessment of soil

Cited by 27 publications

References 6 publications

Environmental risk assessment of a metal-contaminated area in the Tropics. Tier I: screening phase

Environmental risk assessment of a metal-contaminated area in the Tropics. Tier I: screening phase

Structural effects of the bioavailable fraction of pesticides in soil: Suitability of elutriate testing

Using earthworm avoidance behaviour to assess the toxicity of formulated herbicides and their active ingredients on natural soils

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