Invertebrate Cytokines III: Invertebrate Interleukin-1-like Molecules Stimulate Phagocytosis by Tunicate and Echinoderm Cells

Beck, Gregory; O'Brien, Robert F.; Habicht, Gail S.; Stillman, Dan L.; Cooper, Edwin L.; Raftos, David A.

doi:10.1006/cimm.1993.1027

Cited by 84 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…However, it must be stressed that there is apparently no direct correlation between cell motility and phagocytosis (Ottaviani et al, 1994a). These data on molluscan phagocytosis are in agreement with those reported by Burke & Watkins (1991) and Beck et al (1993) in the echinoderms P. ochraceus and A. forbesi and in the tunicate S. clava, suggesting that IL-1 plays a dominant role in enhancing phagocytic activity in invertebrates. This biological role is preserved in vertebrates, although in higher animals the effect is less marked, as other factors probably intervene in performing this function.…”

Section: Role Of Cytokines and Growth Factorssupporting

confidence: 89%

Presence and role of cytokines and growth factors in invertebrates

Ottaviani

Franchini

Kletsas

et al. 1996

Italian Journal of Zoology

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Available data from our and other laboratories on the presence and biological functions of cytokine-and growth factor-like molecules in invertebrates are reviewed. It appears that IL-1α-, IL-1ß-, IL-2-, IL-6-, TNF-α-like molecules and haemokinin are present in several cell types from molluscs, insects, annelids, echinodems and tunicates. In most cases, these molecules are present in cells with phagocytic activity and they modulate cell motility. PDGF-, TGF-ß-, EGF-and NGF-like molecules, growth promoting factors and the hemolymph trophic factor are present in several cell types from molluscs, insects and annelids. These molecules are probably involved in the control of cell proliferation. Both cytokines and growth factors appear to be highly ancestral and biologically very important molecules, as evident from their continuous presence from invertebrates to vertebrates. It also appears that cytokines are functionally conserved molecules, which during evolution have also maintained their pleiotropicity, redundancy in mode of action and the promiscuity of their receptors.

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Section: Role Of Cytokines and Growth Factorssupporting

confidence: 89%

Presence and role of cytokines and growth factors in invertebrates

Ottaviani

Franchini

Kletsas

et al. 1996

Italian Journal of Zoology

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“…When non-self molecules are recognized, the cellular responses are mediated by phagocytic coelomocytes, which, besides phagocytic activities (Santiago-Cardona et al, 2003), also generate increased levels of cytotoxic compounds and cytokinelike molecules, as described in the sea urchin Arabica punctulata (Lin et al, 2001). These humoral compounds give rise to proteolytic cascades that initiate opsonisation, agglutination, melanisation and the activation of antimicrobial peptides (Ratcliffe et al, 1984;Beck et al, 1993) as well as proliferation of haematopoietic cells (van de Braak et al, 2002). In the present study, the challenge with ConA gave a smaller increase in coelomocyte counts compared with stimulation by LPS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced cell proliferation in putative haematopoietic tissues of the sea star,Asterias rubens(L.)

Holm

Dupont²,

Sköld³

et al. 2008

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYThe coelomic fluid of the echinoderm Asterias rubens possesses large populations of circulating coelomocytes. This study aimed to expand the knowledge about the haematopoietic sources of these cells. Injection of the immune-stimulating molecules lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and concanavalin A (ConA) resulted in an increase in coelomocytes. To investigate if these molecules induce cell proliferation in putative haematopoietic tissues (HPTs), short-term exposure of the substitute nucleotide 5-bromo-2Ј-deoxyuridine (BrdU) was conducted. Immunohistochemical analysis, using fluorescein-labelled antibodies to trace BrdU, showed pronounced cell division in the coelomic epithelium and axial organ. In the pyloric caeca, not considered as an HPT, proliferation was not detected. BrdU labelling of monolayers of cells obtained by collagenase treatment of coelomic epithelium, axial organ and Tiedemann body revealed induced cell proliferation in response to both LPS and ConA while proliferation of pyloric caeca and circulating coelomocytes remained sparse. By using confocal microscopy it was observed that both the morphology and functional behaviour of cells released from explants of coelomic epithelium showed high similarity to those of circulating phagocytes. It was concluded that the increased coelomocyte numbers observed in response to LPS and ConA were reflected in an induced cell proliferation in coelomic epithelium, axial organ and Tiedemann body, which reinforces the idea that these organs are HPTs and the sources of coelomocyte renewal. Supplementary material available online at

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“…These morphological and biochemical similarities suggest an evolutionarily driven functional convergence of immuno-competent glial cells [62][63][64]. In this regard, our group and others have demonstrated compelling anatomical and biochemical linkages between invertebrate immunocytes/microglia and mammalian monocytic/microglial/macrophage lineages that include functional utilization of a shared set of chemical messengers [27,43,44,51,[65][66][67]. Briefly, the listed functional similarities include taken from these reports includes: 1) expression of immunocyte-responsive cytokinelike molecules closely resembling those found in higher animals; 2) cross activation of human immunocytes by invertebrate cytokine-like molecules; 3) initiation of a cytokine-like cascade mechanism induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration; 4) functional involvement of opioid peptide and opioid receptor mechanisms in cytokine production and release related to manifestation of neural trauma; 5) similarities in the metabolic enzyme pathways responsible for the degradation of peptidergic signal molecules; 6) utilization of nitric oxide (NO) as a major regulatory molecule in immunological and neurological tissues [44,[68][69][70] 7) regulated biosynthesis and utilization of endogenous morphine and its stereo-selective mu receptor subtypes as regulatory factors in neural, immune and neuroimmune signaling [45,[71][72][73].…”

Section: Evolutionary Origin Of Microglial/neuronal Couplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Perspective on Microglial/Neuronal Coupling with Special Relevance to Psychiatric Illnesses

Stefano¹,

Kream²

2015

J Psychiatry

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Journal of Psychiatry AbstractMicroglia have selectively evolved as a morphologically and chemically distinct class of immuno-competent CNS resident cells with potent bidirectional signaling capabilities linked to induction of a macrophage-like phenotype following metabolic, microbiological, or viral insults. It has been empirically determined that a conserved set of shared chemical messengers connects a communication network mediating reciprocal exchange of regulatory information between immune, central nervous, and neuroendocrine systems. From an evolutionary perspective, the pluripotent neuro-protective capabilities of invertebrate microglia have been extended and amplified in classes of mammalian microglia. The state-dependent plasticity of microglia has provoked considerable empirical investigation into their functional/regulatory roles in mediating innate immune surveillance and neural protection within the CNS. Upon pathophysiological dysregulation, aberrant microglial activities may provide significant contributory factors in the etiology and persistence of major neurological, degenerative, and psychiatric disorders. Within this context, invertebrate microglia appear to represent highly appropriate model systems to investigate underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in higher order neuroimmune regulation of multiple CNS activities by mammalian microglia.

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Invertebrate Cytokines III: Invertebrate Interleukin-1-like Molecules Stimulate Phagocytosis by Tunicate and Echinoderm Cells

Cited by 84 publications

References 0 publications

Presence and role of cytokines and growth factors in invertebrates

Presence and role of cytokines and growth factors in invertebrates

Induced cell proliferation in putative haematopoietic tissues of the sea star,Asterias rubens(L.)

Evolutionary Perspective on Microglial/Neuronal Coupling with Special Relevance to Psychiatric Illnesses

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