Invention of the Annular Inductively Coupled Plasma as a Spectroscopic Source

Greenfield, S.

doi:10.1021/ed077p584

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…This behavior is peculiar to the new torch, mostly due to its conical geometry as opposed to common cylindrical torches. In contrast to the Fassel torch, which is said to be sensitive to ingression of air or sudden changes in sample stream, − the new plasma was seen to be considerably more resistant to these effects. Nevertheless, excessive increase of the aspect ratio would place the plasma too close to the injector tube, which might lead to some thermal damage.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conical Torch: The Next-Generation Inductively Coupled Plasma Source for Spectrochemical Analysis

2017

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A completely new ICP torch for optical/mass spectrometry is introduced with a conical geometry leading to significant reduction in gas and power consumption. As a new holistic methodology, the torch has been designed on the basis of fluid flow patterns, heat transfer, plasma physics, and analytical performance. Computer simulations, capable of accounting for magneto-hydrodynamic effects, have been used to optimize torch geometry. The result is a "conical" torch with up to 70% reduction in argon flow and more than 4 times power density compared with traditional "cylindrical" torches. Based on experimental measurements, these features lead to a stable plasma with 1000-1700K higher excitation/rotational temperature and a 5-fold increase in electron number density compared to common torches. Interferences from easily ionizable elements (e.g., Na) are also observed to be minimized due to 3 times higher robustness (Mg II/Mg I ratio). Eventually, analytical parameters including detection limits for multielement analysis indicate comparable/better performance of the new torch in comparison with conventional torches.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conical Torch: The Next-Generation Inductively Coupled Plasma Source for Spectrochemical Analysis

2017

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“…Since the 1980s, researchers have been growing diamond films by RF CVD, and the reported diamond films can be deposited uniformly on a substrate as large as 100 mm in diameter, and the growth rate can reach 30 µm/h [19,20]. At the the annular discharge zone caused by skin effect easily, which results in a non-diamond composition, and "ion bombardment" caused by plasma self-bias voltage, which damages diamond growth [22,23]. According to our past research, dual RF-ICP can be considered as an effective way to avoid these problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results of Raman spectroscopy and the X-ray rocking-curve indicated that as-deposited diamonds are of good quality.beginning of the 21st century, the growth rate reached 70 µm/h [21]. However, some drawbacks exist in the RF plasma CVD growth method, such as "hollow shaped" plasma found in the annular discharge zone caused by skin effect easily, which results in a non-diamond composition, and "ion bombardment" caused by plasma self-bias voltage, which damages diamond growth [22,23]. According to our past research, dual RF-ICP can be considered as an effective way to avoid these problems.…”

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confidence: 99%

Single Crystal Diamond Deposited by Dual Radio-Frequency Plasma Jet CVD with High Growth Rate

Líu

et al. 2019

Crystals

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Single crystal diamonds were deposited on high pressure high temperature (HPHT) substrate with high growth rate, up to 18.5 μm/h, by using dual radio-frequency inductive coupled plasma jet. The methane flux was found to influence the growth rate of single crystal diamond. The reason for this might be ascribed to the electron temperature increase, raising the flux of methane, based on the plasma diagnosis results by optical emission spectra (OES). The results of Raman spectroscopy and the X-ray rocking-curve indicated that as-deposited diamonds are of good quality.

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“…A number of AES laboratory experiments have also appeared in the chemical education literature over the years (2)(3)(4), with common themes being quantitative flame emission procedures for a particular element (5-7) or construction of an inexpensive spectrometer to measure emission signals in the undergraduate laboratory (1,8,9). The development and implementation of the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) source for AES has yielded many advantages over flame emission, most of which derive from the greater temperature of the plasma (10). Widespread industrial use and a drop in unit price now encourage consideration of ICP experiments for inclusion in the undergraduate curriculum.…”

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confidence: 99%

Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Two Laboratory Activities for the Undergraduate Instrumental Analysis Course

2003

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Two inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectroscopy exercises are described for use in an undergraduate instrumental analysis course. The first activity looks at the emission signal produced by two different ionization states of the same element. The ionization states are in equilibrium within the plasma, and by observing the emission signal in different spatial regions of the plasma one can deduce information about the predominant ionic state and see suppression of the emission signal from the minor state. In the second exercise, the excitation temperature of the plasma is measured as a function of the power applied to the plasma induction coils. This temperature derives from the Boltzmann distribution, and can be determined by monitoring the intensity of a series of well-characterized emission transitions that emanate from a single ionization state of the element being observed.

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Invention of the Annular Inductively Coupled Plasma as a Spectroscopic Source

Cited by 14 publications

References 64 publications

Conical Torch: The Next-Generation Inductively Coupled Plasma Source for Spectrochemical Analysis

Conical Torch: The Next-Generation Inductively Coupled Plasma Source for Spectrochemical Analysis

Single Crystal Diamond Deposited by Dual Radio-Frequency Plasma Jet CVD with High Growth Rate

Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Two Laboratory Activities for the Undergraduate Instrumental Analysis Course

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