Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Scotland, 1999-2001: Use of Record Linkage to Explore Associations between Patients and Disease in Relation to Future Vaccination Policy

Kyaw, Moe H.; Christie, P.; Clarke, Stuart C.; Mooney, John D.; Ahmed, S Faisal; Jones, Ian G.; Campbell, Harry

doi:10.1086/379016

Cited by 67 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…P neumococcal and meningococcal infectious diseases remain a serious threat to public health. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia and a major cause of otitis media, septicemia, and meningitis (1,2). S. pneumoniae is responsible for ∼1.2 million deaths per year worldwide, with young children and immunocompromised patients at particular risk (3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-dose recombinant properdin provides substantial protection againstStreptococcus pneumoniaeandNeisseria meningitidisinfection

Ali

Hayat

Saeed

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Modern medicine has established three central antimicrobial therapeutic concepts: vaccination, antibiotics, and, recently, the use of active immunotherapy to enhance the immune response toward specific pathogens. The efficacy of vaccination and antibiotics is limited by the emergence of new pathogen strains and the increased incidence of antibiotic resistance. To date, immunotherapy development has focused mainly on cytokines. Here we report the successful therapeutic application of a complement component, a recombinant form of properdin (P n ), with significantly higher activity than native properdin, which promotes complement activation via the alternative pathway, affording protection against N. menigitidis and S. pneumoniae. In a mouse model of infection, we challenged C57BL/6 WT mice with N. menigitidis B-MC58 6 h after i.p. administration of P n (100 μg/mouse) or buffer alone. Twelve hours later, all control mice showed clear symptoms of infectious disease while the P n treated group looked healthy. After 16 hours, all control mice developed sepsis and had to be culled, while only 10% of P n treated mice presented with sepsis and recoverable levels of live Meningococci. In a parallel experiment, mice were challenged intranasally with a lethal dose of S. pneumoniae D39. Mice that received a single i.p. dose of P n at the time of infection showed no signs of bacteremia at 12 h postinfection and had prolonged survival times compared with the salinetreated control group (P < 0.0001). Our findings show a significant therapeutic benefit of P n administration and suggest that its antimicrobial activity could open new avenues for fighting infections caused by multidrug-resistant neisserial or streptococcal strains.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-dose recombinant properdin provides substantial protection againstStreptococcus pneumoniaeandNeisseria meningitidisinfection

Ali

Hayat

Saeed

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…However, the majority of invasive and noninvasive diseases are associated with a much smaller number of serotypes. The surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) has improved substantially throughout the United Kingdom in recent years due to interest in the potential for new pneumococcal vaccines (10,16,24,25,30). There remains a considerable burden of IPD in the United Kingdom, particularly during the winter months, despite the availability of antibiotics and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines (PPVs) (16,24).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) has improved substantially throughout the United Kingdom in recent years due to interest in the potential for new pneumococcal vaccines (10,16,24,25,30). There remains a considerable burden of IPD in the United Kingdom, particularly during the winter months, despite the availability of antibiotics and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines (PPVs) (16,24). The recent implementation of PPV for the elderly and the potential introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) for young children mean that there is now excellent pneumococcal serotype data available for IPD in the United Kingdom, as well as some molecular characterization data (24,30).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There remains a considerable burden of IPD in the United Kingdom, particularly during the winter months, despite the availability of antibiotics and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines (PPVs) (16,24). The recent implementation of PPV for the elderly and the potential introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) for young children mean that there is now excellent pneumococcal serotype data available for IPD in the United Kingdom, as well as some molecular characterization data (24,30). In England and Wales, the overall incidence of IPD is 8.6 per 100,000 population (16), with the highest burden among the very young and elderly, an excess of 30 per 100,000 (16,32,37).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In England and Wales, the overall incidence of IPD is 8.6 per 100,000 population (16), with the highest burden among the very young and elderly, an excess of 30 per 100,000 (16,32,37). In Scotland, the overall incidence of IPD is 11 cases per 100,000 population, although the incidence rises to 51 cases per 100,000 in those aged 1 year and 45 cases per 100,000 in those aged over 65 years (24). The 10 most common pneumococcal serogroups associated with IPD in England and Wales are 14, 9, 6, 19, 23, 8, 1, 4, 18, and 7 (16), while the most common serotypes in Scotland are 14, 8, 9V, 1, 3, 22F, 23F, 6B, 18C, and 19F (30).…”

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confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Potential Impact of Conjugate Vaccine on the Incidence of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease among Children in Scotland

Clarke

Jefferies

Smith³

et al. 2006

J Clin Microbiol

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We sought to determine the potential impact of seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among children in Scotland. Invasive pneumococci from blood and cerebrospinal fluid, isolated between 2000 and 2004 from all children aged less than 5 years in Scotland, were characterized by serotyping. Using reported efficacy data of the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) along with likely coverage rates, we made an estimation of the potential impact on the incidence of IPD among children in Scotland. A total of 217 pneumococci were characterized into 22 different serogroups/types, the most common, in rank order, being 14, 19F, 6B, 18C, 23F, 9V, 4, 1, 19A, and 6A. Estimated serotype coverage for PCV7 was 76.5% in those aged less than 5 years of age but increased to 88.9% for those aged 1 year. By using serotype coverage and estimates of vaccine efficacy and uptake, the potential impact of the vaccine for those greater than 2 months of age, but less than 5 years, was estimated as 67.3%, leading to an average of 29 preventable cases per year.

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The Epidemiology and Biostatistics of Pneumococcus

Oligbu

Fry

Ladhani

2019

Methods in Molecular Biology

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Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Scotland, 1999-2001: Use of Record Linkage to Explore Associations between Patients and Disease in Relation to Future Vaccination Policy

Cited by 67 publications

References 27 publications

Low-dose recombinant properdin provides substantial protection againstStreptococcus pneumoniaeandNeisseria meningitidisinfection

Low-dose recombinant properdin provides substantial protection againstStreptococcus pneumoniaeandNeisseria meningitidisinfection

Potential Impact of Conjugate Vaccine on the Incidence of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease among Children in Scotland

The Epidemiology and Biostatistics of Pneumococcus

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