Potential Impact of Conjugate Vaccine on the Incidence of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease among Children in Scotland

Abstract

We sought to determine the potential impact of seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among children in Scotland. Invasive pneumococci from blood and cerebrospinal fluid, isolated between 2000 and 2004 from all children aged less than 5 years in Scotland, were characterized by serotyping. Using reported efficacy data of the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) along with likely coverage rates, we made an estimation of the potential impact on the incidence of IPD among children in Scotland. A total of 217 pneumococci were characterized into 22 different serogroups/types, the most common, in rank order, being 14, 19F, 6B, 18C, 23F, 9V, 4, 1, 19A, and 6A. Estimated serotype coverage for PCV7 was 76.5% in those aged less than 5 years of age but increased to 88.9% for those aged 1 year. By using serotype coverage and estimates of vaccine efficacy and uptake, the potential impact of the vaccine for those greater than 2 months of age, but less than 5 years, was estimated as 67.3%, leading to an average of 29 preventable cases per year.

Economic Evaluation of a Universal Childhood Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccination Strategy in Ireland

“…The Norwegian government included PCV7 in the vaccination program in the autumn of 2005. More recently, Grijalva et al [7], using administrative data, have provided further evidence of the herd immunity effect from routine pneumococcal vaccination of children and infants, where a reduction in hospitalized [11] Reduction in cases of IPD [6] and hospital pneumonia [7] All-cause pneumonia (positive film) 17.7% (CI 4.8-28.9%) [12] All-cause AOM 7% (CI -5-17%) [13] Serotypes producing invasive disease in Ireland accounted for [14]. pneumonia has been observed not only for the target group for vaccination (i.e., children less than 2 years), but also in the 18 to 39 years old age group The reduction in all-cause pneumonia in vaccinated and unvaccinated populations illustrates again how the value of the vaccine has far exceeded expectations documented by Ray et al [5].…”

Ten years of experience with the pneumococcal conjugate 7-valent vaccine in children

“…The incidence VS IPI decrease reached 80% or more, whatever the vaccinal scheme (Table 1) [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] (explicit curves of weekly cumulated cases in the UK; Fig. 6) [22].…”

Continued control of pneumococcal disease in the UK – the impact of vaccination

“…PCV7 vaccination in the UK was predicted to result in a decrease in pneumococcal disease incidence (Clarke et al, 2006), as described in the US (CDC, 2005), where PCV7 also resulted in a reduction in pneumococcal antibiotic non-susceptibility (Richter et al, 2009). In September 2006, PCV7 was added to the UK routine childhood immunization programme to help reduce the burden of pneumococcal disease (Department of Health, 2006).…”