Invasive Candida infections in the neonate

Smith, P. Brian; Steinbach, William J.; Benjamin, Daniel K.

doi:10.1016/j.drup.2005.04.007

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…4,5 C albicans is thought to be more virulent and has been associated with higher rates of end-organ dissemination and mortality as compared with non– C albicans species. 1,3,6 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Invasive Fungal Infections at Two Tertiary Care Neonatal Intensive Care Units Over a 12-Year Period (2000-2011)

Agarwal

Chen

et al. 2017

Global Pediatric Health

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We conducted a retrospective review of 168 patients with invasive fungal infections from January 2000 to December 2011 in 2 neonatal intensive care units. Patients with Candida bloodstream infection (BSI, n = 152) were further analyzed. C albicans was the most common species overall (47%); however, there was an increase in non–albicans sp from 2006 to 2011. Candida BSI clearance rates were lower in extremely low birth weight infants (77% vs 93%, P = .01) and in patients with C albicans infections (77% vs 91%, P = .01). Clearance rates improved from 2000 to 2005 (70% - 90%) to 2006 to 2011 (86% -100%). Combination antifungal use increased during the later years (73% vs 49%, P < .05) and in patients with end-organ dissemination (83% vs 54%, P < .05). We concluded that extremely low birth weight infants and C albicans infection are factors associated with nonclearance of Candida BSI. Successful clearance of Candida BSI improved in 2006 to 2011, perhaps due to increase in non–albicans species and the use of combination antifungals.

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“…4,5 C albicans is thought to be more virulent and has been associated with higher rates of end-organ dissemination and mortality as compared with non– C albicans species. 1,3,6 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Invasive Fungal Infections at Two Tertiary Care Neonatal Intensive Care Units Over a 12-Year Period (2000-2011)

Agarwal

Chen

et al. 2017

Global Pediatric Health

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“…Candida constitutes a large family of about 200 species, of whom only a few are of clinical significance, including C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei, C. tropicalis , C. glabrata, C. guilliermondii, C. lusitaniae , C. kefyr, C. stellatoidea, C. intermedia and others . The most common and more virulent is C. albicans, responsible for 40–80% of neonatal candidiasis cases . The organism colonises the gastrointestinal tract, the vagina, the skin and the upper respiratory tract.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Colonised neonates are asymptomatic. However, colonisation could be the first step for the development of mucocutaneous candidiasis or systemic disease . Systemic Candida infections are common in neonatal intensive care units, especially among preterm and very low birth neonates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of maternal flora on Candida colonisation in the neonate

Filippidi

Galanakis

Maraki

et al. 2013

Mycoses

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Colonisation may be the first step for the development of Candida infection. The source of neonatal colonisation is thought to be the hospital environment or the maternal vaginal tract. This study investigated to what extend Candida isolates in neonates are similar to isolates from their mother's vaginal tract. Vaginal samples were collected from 347 pregnant women within 48 h before delivery. Samples from oral and rectal mucosa of their neonates were collected within 24-72 h after delivery, were cultured and yeast species were identified. Antifungal susceptibility tests against six antifungal agents were performed. All paired isolates from mother and infant were genotyped by pulse field gel electrophoresis. A total of 82 mothers and of 16 infants were found colonised by Candida spp. C. albicans was the most common species in pregnant women (n = 68) followed by C. glabrata (n = 11). Only C. albicans was isolated from infants, mainly (14/16) from rectal site. All colonised neonates were born to mothers colonised by C. albicans. Candida genotyping revealed identical strains in all investigated neonate-mother pairs. All isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B. Our findings strongly suggest that vertical transmission has the principal role in the neonatal colonisation by C. albicans in the very first days of life.

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“…Fluconazole is effective against most Candida spp., with the exception of C glabrata and C krusei [16]. Fluconazole is well tolerated in both the adult and neonatal populations [17] and distributes well in body tissues including the central nervous system. Echinocandins (caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin) are effective against all species of Candida .…”

Section: Empirical Therapy: Duration and Type Of Antifungal Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Candidiasis of the CNS is more accurately described as meningoencephalitis and should be assumed in the context of a positive sterile body fluid culture, including instances when the blood culture is positive and CSF is negative [17]. In a retrospective study of initial lumbar puncture results from 150 infants in the NICU, over half of the infants with Candida meningitis had negative blood cultures, underscoring the importance of lumbar puncture in infants at risk for candidiasis [18].…”

Section: Empirical Therapy: Duration and Type Of Antifungal Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal fungal infections: when to treat?

Hsieh

Smith

Jacqz-Aigrain

et al. 2012

Early Human Development

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Candida infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal intensive care units. Mortality following Candida bloodstream infections is as high as 40%, and neurodevelopmental impairment is common among survivors. Because invasive fungal infections are common and extremely difficult to diagnose, empirical treatment with antifungal therapy should be considered in high-risk, low-birth-weight infants who fail to quickly respond to empirical antibacterial treatment. Risk factors to consider when deciding to administer empirical antifungal therapy include: prior exposure to third-generation cephalosporins, extreme prematurity, and presence of central venous catheters.

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Invasive Candida infections in the neonate

Cited by 28 publications

References 129 publications

Epidemiology of Invasive Fungal Infections at Two Tertiary Care Neonatal Intensive Care Units Over a 12-Year Period (2000-2011)

Epidemiology of Invasive Fungal Infections at Two Tertiary Care Neonatal Intensive Care Units Over a 12-Year Period (2000-2011)

The effect of maternal flora on Candida colonisation in the neonate

Neonatal fungal infections: when to treat?

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