Invasive Aspergillosis in Children and Adolescents

Groll, Andreas H.; Schrey, Dominik; Tragiannidis, Athanasios; Bochennek, Konrad; Lehrnbecher, Thomas

doi:10.2174/13816128113199990311

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Our case adds further evidence to the argument, that cerebral MRT should be routinely performed in all pediatric cancer patients with invasive Aspergillosis of the lung (Broenen et al, 2014). CNS Aspergillosis in pediatric leukemia patients is a severe life threatening complication with high mortality despite neurosurgical and antifungal treatment (Broenen et al, 2014;Groll et al, 2013). According to the clinical judgement of the attending pediatric oncologists, the antifungal drug of first choice, voriconazole, caused acute pancreatitis in our patient.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Nosocomial legionellosis and invasive aspergillosis in a child with T-lymphoblastic leukemia

Furtwängler

Schlotthauer

Гартнер

et al. 2017

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

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Invasive aspergillosis of the lungs and the central nervous system and Legionella pneumophilia serotype 1 infection of the lungs were diagnosed in a 22-month old child during inpatient induction treatment for T-lymphoblastic leukemia. Environmental investigations i.e. samples from the hospital water system did not reveal any Legionella. The patient may have been exposed to waterborne pathogens despite terminal water filtration due to a technical device to release residual tap water from the hose after showering. A sodium chloride nose spray was found to be contaminated with the A. fumigatus isolate of the patient.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Nosocomial legionellosis and invasive aspergillosis in a child with T-lymphoblastic leukemia

Furtwängler

Schlotthauer

Гартнер

et al. 2017

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

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“…The main causative agents of IFI are Aspergillus spp., Candida spp., and Cryptococcus spp. The incidence of IFI is increasing worldwide ( 2 , 8 , 9 ) (Table 1 ), and the worldwide crude mortality rate of invasive aspergillosis and invasive candidiasis has been estimated to be 0.4 deaths per 100,000 people. However, mortality rates associated with IFIs in immunocompromised patients are considerably higher, reaching 60–85% for invasive aspergillosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods of Controlling Invasive Fungal Infections Using CD8+ T Cells

2018

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Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) cause high rates of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Pattern-recognition receptors present on the surfaces of innate immune cells recognize fungal pathogens and activate the first line of defense against fungal infection. The second line of defense is the adaptive immune system which involves mainly CD4+ T cells, while CD8+ T cells also play a role. CD8+ T cell-based vaccines designed to prevent IFIs are currently being investigated in clinical trials, their use could play an especially important role in acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients. So far, none of the vaccines used to treat IFI have been approved by the FDA. Here, we review current and future antifungal immunotherapy strategies involving CD8+ T cells. We highlight recent advances in the use of T cells engineered using a Sleeping Beauty vector to treat IFIs. Recent clinical trials using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy to treat patients with leukemia have shown very promising results. We hypothesized that CAR T cells could also be used to control IFI. Therefore, we designed a CAR that targets β-glucan, a sugar molecule found in most of the fungal cell walls, using the extracellular domain of Dectin-1, which binds to β-glucan. Mice treated with D-CAR+ T cells displayed reductions in hyphal growth of Aspergillus compared to the untreated group. Patients suffering from IFIs due to primary immunodeficiency, secondary immunodeficiency (e.g., HIV), or hematopoietic transplant patients may benefit from bioengineered CAR T cell therapy.

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“…Primary cutaneous aspergillosis has been reported more frequently in children than in adults, in association with direct skin lacerations [16,17]. Our patient developed a disseminated Aspergillus flavus infection with multiple subcutaneous, muscular and parenchymal lesions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%