Invasion of Ureaplasma diversum in bovine spermatozoids

Buzinhani, Melissa; Yamaguti, Maurício; Oliveira, Renata Cristina Gobbi de; Cortez, Beatriz Araujo; Marques, Lucas Miranda; Machado-Santelli, Gláucia Maria; Assumpção, M. E. O. A.; Timenetsky, Jorge

doi:10.1186/1756-0500-4-455

Cited by 24 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…Presence of M. agalactiae was demonstrated in the standard HeLa cells, as well as in two different ruminant cell lines, namely BEND and BLF, using the quantitative gentamicin invasion assay and the qualitative visual method of double immunofluorescence staining. Though the highest invasion frequency of M. agalactiae is calculated to be around 2.3% at 24 h post infection, it is comparable and even better than the reported invasion frequencies of some other pathogens, especially mycoplasmas ( Martin and Mohr, 2000; Cieri et al, 2002; Dusanic et al, 2009; Marques et al, 2010; Buzinhani et al, 2011 )…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

In vitro and in vivo cell invasion and systemic spreading of Mycoplasma agalactiae in the sheep infection model

Hegde¹,

Hegde²,

Spergser³

et al. 2014

International Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Generally regarded as extracellular pathogens, molecular mechanisms of mycoplasma persistence, chronicity and disease spread are largely unknown. Mycoplasma agalactiae, an economically important pathogen of small ruminants, causes chronic infections that are difficult to eradicate. Animals continue to shed the agent for several months and even years after the initial infection, in spite of long antibiotic treatment. However, little is known about the strategies that M. agalactiae employs to survive and spread within an immunocompetent host to cause chronic disease. Here, we demonstrate for the first time its ability to invade cultured human (HeLa) and ruminant (BEND and BLF) host cells. Presence of intracellular mycoplasmas is clearly substantiated using differential immunofluorescence technique and quantitative gentamicin invasion assays. Internalized M. agalactiae could survive and exit the cells in a viable state to repopulate the extracellular environment after complete removal of extracellular bacteria with gentamicin. Furthermore, an experimental sheep intramammary infection was carried out to evaluate its systemic spread to organs and host niches distant from the site of initial infection. Positive results obtained via PCR, culture and immunohistochemistry, especially the latter depicting the presence of M. agalactiae in the cytoplasm of mammary duct epithelium and macrophages, clearly provide the first formal proof of M. agalactiae's capability to translocate across the mammary epithelium and systemically disseminate to distant inner organs. Altogether, the findings of these in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that M. agalactiae is capable of entering host cells and this might be the strategy that it employs at a population level to ward off the host immune response and antibiotic action, and to disseminate to new and safer niches to later egress and once again proliferate upon the return of favorable conditions to cause persistent chronic infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

In vitro and in vivo cell invasion and systemic spreading of Mycoplasma agalactiae in the sheep infection model

Hegde¹,

Hegde²,

Spergser³

et al. 2014

International Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…because secretory IgA plays a protective role in the vaginal mucosa . U. diversum has been associated with infertility in cows and may result in severe placentitis, fetal alveolitis, abortion and internalization into bovine blastocyst . U. parvum can be internalized into HeLa cells and can escape host cellular autophagosomal degradation by disturbing intracellular organisms through an unknown mechanism …”

Section: Genital Ureaplasma Infection and Preterm Birthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current understanding and treatment of intra‐amniotic infection with Ureaplasma spp.

Tantengco

Yanagihara

2019

J of Obstet and Gynaecol

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Considerable evidence has shown that intra-amniotic infection with Ureaplasma spp. increases the risk of chorioamnionitis and preterm labor. Ureaplasma spp. are among the smallest organisms, and their isolation is uncommon in routine clinical practice because of their size and high auxotrophy. Although Ureaplasma spp. have been reported as causative agents of preterm birth, they also have a high incidence in vaginal swabs collected from healthy reproductive-age women; this has led to questions on the virulence of Ureaplasma spp. and to them being considered as harmless commensal bacteria. Therefore, many efforts have been made to clarify the pathogenicity of Ureaplasma spp. at the molecular level. Ureaplasma spp. are surrounded by lipoproteins, including multiple-banded antigen. Both multiple-banded antigen and its derivative, that is, the synthetic lipopeptide, UPM-1, induce an inflammatory response in a preterm mice model, which was adequate to cause preterm birth or stillbirth. In this review, we present an overview of the virulence mechanisms of Ureaplasma spp. and treatment of ureaplasma infection during pregnancy to prevent possible serious sequelae in infants. In addition, relevant mechanisms underlying antibiotic resistance in Ureaplasma spp. are discussed. Ureaplasma spp. are naturally resistant against β-lactam antibiotics because of the lack of a cell wall. Azithromycin is one of the effective agents that can control intrauterine ureaplasma infection. In fact, macrolide-and fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates of Ureaplasma spp. have already been observed in perinatal practice in Japan.

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“…However, the damage to the host may be related to the site of infection. Studies show that colonization of the reproductive tract is commonly associated with infertility, abortions, premature births and lung injury in neonates (Ruhnke et al 1984, Murray 1991, Buzinhani et al 2011. In other mycoplasma species, such as U. urealyticum, was observed that the presence of bacteria in the respiratory tract of infants stimulates an increasing total number of white blood cells (Viscardi et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra-uterine experimental infection by Ureaplasma diversum induces TNF-α mediated womb inflammation in mice

Silva

Ferreira

Oliveira

et al. 2016

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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Ureaplasma diversum is an opportunistic pathogen associated with uterine infl ammation, impaired embryo implantation, infertility, abortions, premature birth of calves and neonatal pneumonia in cattle. It has been suggested that the intra-uterine infection by Ureaplasma diversum can cause vascular changes that hinder the success of pregnancy. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the changes of intrauterine site of A/J mice in estrus or proestrus phase inoculated with Ureaplasma diversum. The infection was monitored at 24, 48 and 72 hours by the PCR methodology to detect the Ureaplasma in the inoculation site and the profi le of circulating blood cells. Morphological changes, intensity of infl ammation and the production of cytokines were compared. The infected mice showed local infl ammation through the production of IFN-γ and TNF-α. Ureaplasma diversum infections in the reproductive tract of studied mice seemed to be associated with the production of pro-infl ammatory cytokines in uterine parenchyma. The levels of TNF-α of infected mice were dependent on the bacterial load of inoculated Ureaplasma. Uterine experimental infections by Ureaplasma diversum have not been mentioned yet and herein we presented the fi rst report of an intrauterine infection model in mice.

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Invasion of Ureaplasma diversum in bovine spermatozoids

Cited by 24 publications

References 27 publications

In vitro and in vivo cell invasion and systemic spreading of Mycoplasma agalactiae in the sheep infection model

In vitro and in vivo cell invasion and systemic spreading of Mycoplasma agalactiae in the sheep infection model

Current understanding and treatment of intra‐amniotic infection with Ureaplasma spp.

Intra-uterine experimental infection by Ureaplasma diversum induces TNF-α mediated womb inflammation in mice

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