Ureaplasma diversum is an opportunistic pathogen associated with uterine infl ammation, impaired embryo implantation, infertility, abortions, premature birth of calves and neonatal pneumonia in cattle. It has been suggested that the intra-uterine infection by Ureaplasma diversum can cause vascular changes that hinder the success of pregnancy. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the changes of intrauterine site of A/J mice in estrus or proestrus phase inoculated with Ureaplasma diversum. The infection was monitored at 24, 48 and 72 hours by the PCR methodology to detect the Ureaplasma in the inoculation site and the profi le of circulating blood cells. Morphological changes, intensity of infl ammation and the production of cytokines were compared. The infected mice showed local infl ammation through the production of IFN-γ and TNF-α. Ureaplasma diversum infections in the reproductive tract of studied mice seemed to be associated with the production of pro-infl ammatory cytokines in uterine parenchyma. The levels of TNF-α of infected mice were dependent on the bacterial load of inoculated Ureaplasma. Uterine experimental infections by Ureaplasma diversum have not been mentioned yet and herein we presented the fi rst report of an intrauterine infection model in mice.
Staphylococcus aureus infection may lead to the development of soft tissue damage. It has been evaluated in other researches using different animal models. In addition, the inflammatory response developed by the host organism facing an infection by this pathogen has been analyzed and neutrophils have been linked to the immune response developed. In this study, we aimed to compare the inflammatory response developed by the host induced by an intradermal infection with a methicillin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or a methicillin-susceptible strain of Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Mice euthanasia occurred in the following times: 6, 24, 48 and 96 hours of infection; the cell number and the cytokine release were evaluated. Our results showed that infections by different strains of Staphylococcus aureus lead to different immune response degrees. Although MRSA infection induces higher neutrophil recruitment to the infection site and higher inflammatory response in the draining lymph node, the increased production of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-1β in the lymph node 6 hours after the infection was observed only in MSSA infected animals. Considering the data, MSSA may have mechanisms to prevent neutrophil recruitment to the infection site.
The conversion of agroindustrial residues by microorganisms has been explored from fermentative processes to obtain several bioactive molecules. The objective of this work was to isolate and select filamentous fungi present in cassava liquid waste for the production of amylase, carboxymethylcellulose (CMCase), pectinase and xylanase using the same residue as induction substrate in fermentative processes. A total of 65 filamentous fungi were isolated and qualitative tests indicated that approximately 86% of these strains were able to produce at least one of the enzymes and 32% capable of producing the four enzymes. Fermentation assays in cassava liquid residue-containing medium showed 6 fungal lines as potential enzyme producers. The maximum activities of pectinase, xylanase, amylase and CMCase were respectively observed at 96 hours of fermentation by the strain by the strain Aspergillus sp. B5C; at 120 hours (163.6 ± 0.13 nKat mL-1), by Aspergillus sp. B4I; at 144 hours (99.8 ± 0.24 nKat mL-1), by Penicillium sp. B3A; and at 48 hours (55.5 ± 0.21 nKat mL-1), by Aspergillus sp. B4O. These results suggest that cassava liquid waste was source of filamentous fungi producing amylase, CMCase, pectinase and xylanase, as well as a promising alternative substrate for bioprocesses aiming the production of enzymes.
Atualmente, o patógeno Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina (MRSA) vem se tornado objeto de vários estudos, devido às altas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre a reposta imune associada ao controle desta infecção. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar o efeito da imunização intradérmica com MRSA e a resposta inflamatória no sitio de infecção. Para a realização dos experimentos foram utilizados camundongos A/J que foram imunizados com cepa de MRSA. Após o desafio, foram coletadas amostras do sangue, soro, linfonodo drenante e orelha para análises histopatológicas. A partir do esfregaço sanguíneo, foi observada neutrofilia nos grupos desafiados com MRSA. A análise histopatológica mostrou infiltrado inflamatório em todos os grupos estudados. Foi observado também que, a imunização intradérmica promove hiperplasia no linfonodo drenante, entretanto, não foram observadas diferenças nos perfis de citocinas pró-inflamatórias nos grupos estudados. Conclui-se que há uma predominância de neutrófilos no sítio de estudo e que a hiperplasia observada no linfonodo pode ser correlacionada com o aumento no número de linfócitos Th17, que poderiam contribuir para a diminuição da carga bacteriana neste órgão.
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