Intumescent Systems

Duquesne, Sophie; Futterer, Thomas

doi:10.1002/9781118939239.ch8

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 159 publications

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“…Tetramethylsilane (TMS) was used as a reference. 31 P NMR measurements were performed on a Bruker Avance II spectrometer, working at 161.9 MHz (9.4 T) and at a spinning rate of 10 kHz. Bruker probe heads equipped with a 4-mm MAS assembly were used.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Condensed Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since MPP is well known as an intumescent additive [31], it could be used as an inorganic acid source. Upon heating, it produces, in situ, phosphoric acid, which catalyzes the char formation process, and melamine acts as a blowing agent.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, 31 P solid-state NMR was performed on the formulation containing MPP. First, the NMR spectrum of pure MPP was recorded (Figure 8).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Flame Retardancy of PA6 Using a Guanidine Sulfamate/Melamine Polyphosphate Mixture

et al. 2015

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Polyamide 6 (PA6) is a widely-used polymer that could find applications in various sectors, including home textiles, transportation or construction. However, due to its organic nature, PA6 is flammable, and flame-retardant formulations have to be developed to comply with fire safety standards. Recently, it was proposed to use ammonium sulfamate as an effective flame retardant for PA6, even at low loading content. However, processing issues could occur with this additive considering large-scale production. This paper thus studies the use of another sulfamate salt-guanidine sulfamate (GAS)-and evidences its high efficiency when combined with melamine polyphosphate (MPP) as a flame retardant for PA6. A decrease of the peak of the heat release rate by 30% compared to pure PA6 was obtained using only 5 wt% of a GAS/MPP mixture in a microscale calorimeter. Moreover, PA6 containing the mixture GAS/MPP exhibits a Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) of 37 vol% and is rated V0 for the UL 94 test (Vertical Burning Test; ASTM D 3801). The mechanisms of degradation were investigated analyzing the gas phase and solid phase when the material degrades. It was proposed that MPP and GAS modify the degradation pathway of PA6, leading to the formation of nitrile end-group-containing molecules. Moreover, the formation of a polyaromatic structure by the reaction of MPP and PA6 was also shown. OPEN ACCESSPolymers 2015, 7 317

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Section: Analysis Of the Condensed Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Flame Retardancy of PA6 Using a Guanidine Sulfamate/Melamine Polyphosphate Mixture

et al. 2015

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“…This char foam is an insulating barrier for heat and oxygen. When applying intumescent coatings, a base coat (primer) would provide a stronger bond to the substrate, and a top coat could be used to improve the durability of the finished surface, thereby likely improving long‐term performance. Intumescent FR systems consist of 3 basic active ingredients: a carbon source (carbonific), an acid source (a catalyst), and a blowing agent (spumific).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intumescence mechanism has both physical and chemical aspects. In the physical mechanism, char formation lowers the rate of surface temperature beneath the char and decreases oxygen diffusion to the site of combustion . Chemical reactions take place in both condensed and gas phases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of natural weathering on the fire properties of intumescent fire‐retardant coatings

et al. 2018

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Summary Fire‐retardant coatings could be one option for providing enhanced protection to buildings during a wildfire, particularly when applied to combustible siding and in under‐eave areas. Limited studies have been conducted on their effectiveness but maintaining adequate performance after weathering has been questioned. This paper reports on a study evaluating the effect of natural weathering on the performance of intumescent‐type fire‐retardant coatings. The main concerns were (a) the reduction of ignition resistance of the coating after weathering and (b) the coating might contribute as a combustible fuel and assist the fire growth after weathering. This study evaluated the performance of 3 intumescent coatings that were exposed to natural weathering conditions for up to 12 months. A bench‐scale evaluation using a cone calorimeter was used to evaluate the performance of the coatings at 3 heat flux levels (30, 50, and 70 kW/m2). Our results showed that weathering exposure reduced the effectiveness of fire protection of intumescent coatings, but the weathered coatings did not act as additional fuels. Weathering orientation showed much less effect on the performance of intumescent coatings in comparison to other parameters. There was statistical evidence that weathering duration, heat flux level, and coating type affected the combustion properties.

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Flame Retardants for Polyethylene

Pfaendner

2017

Handbook of Industrial Polyethylene and Technology

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Intumescent Systems

Cited by 9 publications

References 159 publications

Flame Retardancy of PA6 Using a Guanidine Sulfamate/Melamine Polyphosphate Mixture

Flame Retardancy of PA6 Using a Guanidine Sulfamate/Melamine Polyphosphate Mixture

Effects of natural weathering on the fire properties of intumescent fire‐retardant coatings

Flame Retardants for Polyethylene

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