Intrusive memories in depression and posttraumatic stress disorder

Reynolds, Martina; Brewin, Chris R.

doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00132-6

Cited by 299 publications

(178 citation statements)

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“…This reinstatement of neocortical traces via the hippocampus may arise rapidly and involuntarily, as suggested by recent models of retrieval (15). Indeed, intrusive memories are widely known to evoke unwanted visual, auditory, and even tactile memories of the event (10,16,17), probably by reactivating traces in the sensory neocortex (12)(13)(14). Theoretical accounts of memory control view inhibition as an activation-dependent mechanism that suppresses intrusive traces (6,18,19).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 93%

Suppressing Unwanted Memories Reduces Their Unconscious Influence via Targeted Cortical Inhibition

Gagnepain¹,

Henson²,

Anderson³

2013

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 93%

Suppressing Unwanted Memories Reduces Their Unconscious Influence via Targeted Cortical Inhibition

Gagnepain¹,

Henson²,

Anderson³

2013

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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“…The LTE has good test-retest reliability over six months (kappa = 0.78-1.0 on each of the 12 life-event categories apart from ' 'something you valued was lost or stolen," kappa = 0.24; Brugha and Cragg, 1990). It has been found to be a useful measure amongst individuals with affective disorders (Brugha et al, 1985) and PTSD (Reynolds and Brewin, 1999).…”

Section: The State Social Paranoia Scale (Ssps; Freeman Et Al 2007)mentioning

confidence: 97%

Shame amplifies the association between stressful life events and paranoia amongst young adults using mental health services: Implications for understanding risk and psychological resilience

Johnson¹,

Jones²,

Lin³

et al. 2014

Psychiatry Research

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Shame is associated with a range of psychological disorders, and is a trans-diagnostic moderator of the association between stressors and symptoms of disorder. However, research has yet to investigate shame in relation to specific psychotic symptoms in clinical groups. In order to address this, the present study investigated shame in young adults with mental health problems, to test whether shame was i) directly associated with paranoia, a prevalent psychotic symptom, and ii) a moderator of the association between stress and paranoia . Sixty participants completed measures of stressful events, paranoia, shame, depression and anxiety.Results from a cross-sectional regression analysis suggested that shame was associated with paranoia after the stressful life event measure was entered into the model, and shame moderated the association between stress and paranoia. For individuals scoring high on shame, shame amplified the association between stress and paranoia, but for low-shame individuals, the association between stress and paranoia was non-significant. These findings suggest that high levels of shame could confer vulnerability for paranoia amongst clinical groups, and that resistance to experiencing shame could be a marker of resilience.

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“…9 There is a large body of research documenting characteristics of traumatic memories outside the substance misuse field, and, of relevance, several studies identified intrusive memories as being characteristic of depression as well as PTSD bereavements. [17][18][19] Reynolds & Brewin 19 studied the nature of intrusive memories in a clinical sample, and found in an analysis of intrusive memory content of combined depression and PTSD samples that 93% of events concerned death, illness or injury to family members, illness or injury to the patient, assault on the patient, and interpersonal problems. Such traumas and many others are also common in the risk-taking lifestyle of those who use substances.…”

Section: Original Papersmentioning

confidence: 99%