Introversion-extroversion.

Guilford, J. P.

doi:10.1037/h0072741

Cited by 23 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(98 reference statements)

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“…If "enduring qualities of personality" can be translated into personality traits measured objectively, we can again conclude that there is no generality of behavior since: (a) The average intercorrelation of personality traits and of subdivisions within any one personality trait is low whether measured through overt behavior method or through questionnaire. As typical, we can mention Guilford's ( 12) discovery that the correlation between various tests of introversion-extroversion is low; Newcomb (21) investigating traits assumed to be related to introversionextroversion states that inconsistency rather than consistency is the rule; Hartshorne and May ( 13) conclude that character traits are usually specific to the situation; Pallister ( 24) obtains a median intercorrelation of .36 between eight sub-tests of the Lecky Individuality Record; Brown ( 3) finds an average of 472 intercorrelates of suggestibility tests to be .143 ; Murphy ( 20) discovers that sympathetic behavior is consistent only within one situation. 2 (b} Personality traits are not static but have been changed under various experimental conditions.…”

Section: Hypothesis One-the Organization Of Expressive :Movementmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Motivation of Expressive Movement

Eisenberg

1940

The Journal of General Psychology

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Section: Hypothesis One-the Organization Of Expressive :Movementmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Motivation of Expressive Movement

Eisenberg

1940

The Journal of General Psychology

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“…Researchers generally accepted Jung's formulation, but ran into difficulty when it came to measuring the two dimensions. Guilford (1934) pointed up the problem, calling attention to the very troublesome situation found by those who construct tests of IE [introversion-extroversionjandof "neurotic tendency,"a difficulty in keeping the two types of tests from correlating significantly with one another (p. 343).…”

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confidence: 99%

Extraversion-introversion as a dimension of personality: A reappraisal.

Carrigan¹

1960

Psychological Bulletin

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On the independence of extraversion and neuroticism

Farley

1967

J. Clin. Psychol.

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Alcoholism and psychological difTerenti& tion. J . alnwrm. Psychol., 1965, 70, 262-265. 2. KARP, S. A., WITKIN, H. A. and GOODENOUGH, D. R. Alcoholism and ps chological differenti& tion: effect of achievement of sobriety on field dependence. Quart. J . Stud. lk., 1965, $6, 580-585. 3. LEVINSON, B. M. Some aspects of the personality of the native-born white homeless man as revealed by the Rorschach. Psychiat. Quart. Suppl., 1958,3& 278286. 4. LEVINSON, B. M. The homeless man: psychological enigma. M a t . Hyg., 1963,47, 590-601. 5. PLUNIERT, W. J. The skid row population o the U. S. and the incidence of alcoholism among its habituates. New York: National Council on A ! coholism, Janua 6. SIEGEL, S. N m arametric statistics for the behavioral sciences. %ew York: McGraw-Hill, 1956. 7. STAGNER, R. psychology of personality. 3rd Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1961. 8. WELTMAN, R. E. A comparative study of institutionalized and non-institutionalized homeless 9. WITIUN, H. A. Individual differences in ease of perception of embedded figures. J . Pers., 1950, 10. WITKIN, H. A., KARP, S. A., and GOODENOUGH, D. R. Dependence in alcoholics. Quart. J .PROBLEM Eysenck (3) has developed a personality-behavior theory in which the structural frame work has been defined by the four higher-order factors of extraversionintroversion (E), neuroticism (N), psychoticism and intelligence. These factors are asserted as representing the major sources of variance in the description of personality and as being mutually uncorrelated. It is with the latter aspect that this note is concerned.Interest in the present context is centered specifically on the extraversionintroversion and neuroticism dimensions as measured by the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) ( 5 ) . The EPI was developed as an improvement on the Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI) (4), which had previously been Eysenck's principal measure of the E and N dimensions. Some writers". 8g. 11) have reported significant correlations between the E and N scales of the MPI, results clearly not in accord with the supposed independence of these dimensions. One of the major questions in Carrigan's (2) extensive evaluation of extraversion-introversion as a dimension of personality was the extent to which it could be considered as independent of a neuroticism or more generally defined adjustment dimension. As early as 1934 Guilford noted that "There is the very troublesome situation found by those who construct tests of I-E and of 'neurotic tendency', a difficulty in keeping the two types of tests from correlating significantly with one another."('# pa N3)The findings to date with the EPI have usually indicated a small but quite non-significant negative correlation between E and N, with introversion being positively associated with neuroticism. Eysenck and Eysenck ( 5 ) have reported no significant correlations between E and N in both the EPI and the Junior Eysenck Personality Inventory (JEPI) ( 6 ) , employing a number of different standardization samples. Savage(1O) recently confirmed th...

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Introversion-extroversion.

Cited by 23 publications

References 54 publications

The Motivation of Expressive Movement

The Motivation of Expressive Movement

Extraversion-introversion as a dimension of personality: A reappraisal.

On the independence of extraversion and neuroticism

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