Introductory Chapter: Introduction to Photovoltaic Effect

Zaidi, B.

doi:10.5772/intechopen.74389

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Silicon materials are used in components of electronic devices. It is also used to make solar cells [9][10][11][12][13] and parts for computer circuits [14]. Solar cell is a device Table 1.…”

Section: Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introductory Chapter: Silicon

Zaidi¹,

Belghit²

2019

Silicon Materials

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Section: Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introductory Chapter: Silicon

Zaidi¹,

Belghit²

2019

Silicon Materials

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“…Carbon nanotubes have high thermal and electrical conductivity, good chemical stability, and excellent mechanical properties due to the unique arrangement of carbon atoms. Carbon nanotubes are thus a desirable material for sensors, field emission displays, hydrogen storage media, conductive and high-strength composites, nanometer-sized semiconductor devices, and solar cells 5,6,7 . Methane, ethylene, acetylene, natural gas, and other carbon sources can be used to make carbon nanotubes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis via Flame Fragment Deposition (FFD) Method from Liquefied Petroleum Gas

2023

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The current study uses the flame fragment deposition (FFD) method to synthesize carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from Iraqi liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), which is used as a carbon source. To carry out the synthesis steps, a homemade reactor was used. To eliminate amorphous impurities, the CNTs were sonicated in a 30 percent hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) solution at ambient temperature. To remove the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) generated during LPG combustion, sonication in an acetone bath is used. The produced products were investigated and compared with standard Multi-walled carbon nanotube MWCNTs (95%), Sigma, Aldrich, using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Under the applied experimental circumstances, the obtained characterization data confirm the synthesis of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with portion from few wall carbon nanotubes (FWCNTs). The average diameter of synthesized Carbon nanotubes ranged from 31.26 to 78.00 nm, with a purity of more than 65 percent.

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“…Solar energy is the energy obtained from solar radiation, and it is regarded as renewable since the Sun expected life is still between 5000 and 10,000 billion years; furthermore, this kind of energy is available in most of the Earth places. Photovoltaic energy (PV) is the electric energy produced directly from the sun radiation by applying the photovoltaic effect [ 4 ], which was discovered in 1839 by the French physicist Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel. This effect is found in semiconductor materials, characterized by their intermediate in electrical conductivity between a conductor and an insulator.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the incident radiation in the form of photons reaches the material, these are captured by electrons, resulting in higher energy content, and if a threshold value called “band gap” is exceeded, they can break their nucleus links and circulate through the material. This electron flow generates a difference of potential between the terminals, and upon application of an electric field on the semiconductor, the electrons move in the direction of the field, generating an electrical current [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials for Photovoltaics: State of Art and Recent Developments

Luceño

Díez‐Pascual

Capilla³

2019

IJMS

212

140

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In recent years, photovoltaic cell technology has grown extraordinarily as a sustainable source of energy, as a consequence of the increasing concern over the impact of fossil fuel-based energy on global warming and climate change. The different photovoltaic cells developed up to date can be classified into four main categories called generations (GEN), and the current market is mainly covered by the first two GEN. The 1GEN (mono or polycrystalline silicon cells and gallium arsenide) comprises well-known medium/low cost technologies that lead to moderate yields. The 2GEN (thin-film technologies) includes devices that have lower efficiency albeit are cheaper to manufacture. The 3GEN presents the use of novel materials, as well as a great variability of designs, and comprises expensive but very efficient cells. The 4GEN, also known as “inorganics-in-organics”, combines the low cost/flexibility of polymer thin films with the stability of novel inorganic nanostructures (i.e., metal nanoparticles and metal oxides) with organic-based nanomaterials (i.e., carbon nanotubes, graphene and its derivatives), and are currently under investigation. The main goal of this review is to show the current state of art on photovoltaic cell technology in terms of the materials used for the manufacture, efficiency and production costs. A comprehensive comparative analysis of the four generations is performed, including the device architectures, their advantages and limitations. Special emphasis is placed on the 4GEN, where the diverse roles of the organic and nano-components are discussed. Finally, conclusions and future perspectives are summarized.

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Introductory Chapter: Introduction to Photovoltaic Effect

Cited by 19 publications

References 6 publications

Introductory Chapter: Silicon

Introductory Chapter: Silicon

Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis via Flame Fragment Deposition (FFD) Method from Liquefied Petroleum Gas

Materials for Photovoltaics: State of Art and Recent Developments

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