Introductions do not compensate for functional and phylogenetic losses following extinctions in insular bird assemblages

Sobral, Fernando Landa; Lees, Alexander Charles; Cianciaruso, Marcus V.

doi:10.1111/ele.12646

Cited by 69 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…This result was also documented in previous studies (Sax et al 2002, Thomas and Palmer 2015, Sobral et al 2016), especially at local scales. This result was also documented in previous studies (Sax et al 2002, Thomas and Palmer 2015, Sobral et al 2016), especially at local scales.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Effect of distance, area, and climate on the frequency of introduction and extinction events on islands and archipelagos

Bellard

et al. 2020

Ecosphere

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Change in community similarity (e.g., biotic homogenization) is regulated by different types of introduction and extinction events. However, the spatial patterns and potential drivers of these event types have not yet been addressed to date. Here, we used bird species occurrences on 152 oceanic islands worldwide in both historical (~1500 CE) and current periods with the aim to (1) elucidate the variations of these events among islands and archipelagos and (2) disentangle the effects of biogeographical and environmental factors (e.g., spatial distance, island area, climatic conditions, and/or inter‐island distance). We found that community similarity increased at both island and archipelago scales after species introductions and extinctions. The introduction and extinction of one species to/from only one island (unique introduction and extinction) comprise most events (>94%). Island area has a positive effect on nearly all event types at both island and archipelago scales, while climate difference generally has a negative effect on these events. Conversely, responses to spatial distance and inter‐island distance on different events are more complex than expected. Overall, biogeographical variables (area and distance) seem to explain most of the events followed by climate variables. Yet extinction events at the archipelago level were also highly associated with inter‐island distance as an indicator of dispersal limitation. Our findings provide a solid foundation for understanding the event‐mediated processes of homogenization and present essential insights into how biogeographical and environmental factors affect different events on islands.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Effect of distance, area, and climate on the frequency of introduction and extinction events on islands and archipelagos

Bellard

et al. 2020

Ecosphere

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“…Such a proliferation can promote the increase in MPD, suggesting that non‐forest species in more deforested landscapes are distributed across a wider range of clades than those recorded in less deforested landscapes (Prescott et al., ). Our analyses also indicate that the level of relatedness among co‐occurring non‐forest birds (NRI and NTI) does not vary with forest cover, reinforcing the idea that the proliferation of non‐forest species occurs randomly or uniformly across the phylogenetic tree (Sobral, Lees, & Cianciaruso, ). In fact, in our study area the non‐forest birds are originally more dispersed (NRI = −0.77) along the phylogenetic tree than forest species (NRI = 0.99), hence this group may contribute to maintain (throughout compensatory dynamics) high levels of phylogenetic diversity in the entire community, even in highly deforested landscapes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Compensatory dynamics maintain bird phylogenetic diversity in fragmented tropical landscapes

Morante‐Filho

Arroyo‐Rodríguez

Andrade

et al. 2017

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Abstract1. Tropical forest loss can drive the extinction of forest-dependent species. Yet, nonforest species can proliferate in deforested landscapes, thus enabling communitylevel attributes (e.g. total abundance and richness) to be maintained in the remaining forest patches. Such compensatory dynamics have been, however, poorly investigated regarding the phylogenetic dimension of species diversity. Here, we assessed whether compensatory dynamics can stabilize the phylogenetic richness, divergence and structure of bird communities in response to forest loss in two regions in the Brazilian Atlantic forest, each under with different levels of land use intensification.2. We surveyed birds in 40 forest sites, and assessed the response of five phylogenetic metrics to forest cover measured in local (600-m radius) landscapes. We separately assessed the entire community, forest-dependent and non-forest-dependent species and used information-theoretic criteria to assess the effect of forest cover on each response variable. In particular, we evaluated the plausibility of four models: a null model (no effect of forest cover), a linear model, a power law model (nonlinear effect) and an analysis of covariance model (to assess whether the effect of forest cover differed between regions).3. Forest cover varied from 7% to 98%, and was positively related to the phylogenetic richness of forest-dependent species, but negatively related to the phylogenetic richness and divergence of non-forest birds, particularly in the more disturbed region. As consequence, the phylogenetic richness and divergence of the entire community were weakly related to forest cover.4. Forest birds were less phylogenetically clustered in sites surrounded by lower forest cover, but the phylogenetic structure of non-forest birds was independent of forest cover. Synthesis and applications.The phylogenetic impoverishment of forest-dependent birds is offset by the phylogenetic enrichment and divergence of non-forestdependent birds in severely tropical deforested landscapes. These compensatory dynamics suggest that both bird groups are important for safeguarding bird evolutionary diversity in human-modified landscapes. Although deforested landscapes are reservoirs of bird phylogenetic diversity, suggesting that ecosystem functioning may be maintained in these sites, preventing further deforestation is urgently needed to preserve forest birds and their key ecological roles in the ecosystem. | 257Journal of Applied Ecology MORANTE-FILHO ET AL. Although the changes in bird phylogenetic diversity in humanmodified tropical landscapes are poorly understood, there is evidence that wildlife-friendly farms (i.e. those that involve integrating biodiversity conservation and food production in the same land, Melo et al., 2013) show lower bird phylogenetic diversity than old-growth forests, and that forest patch isolation leads to the loss of more evolutionarily distinct bird species (Edwards et al., 2015). Bird phylogenetic diversity is, however, higher in diversified agricu...

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“…Aquatic and terrestrial systems have different physical and chemical conditions, which seem to influence the biology and diversity of the organisms living in each of these habitats (Grosberg, Vermeij, & Wainwright, ; Shurin, Gruner, & Hillebrand, ; Vermeij & Dudley, ). Whether species are aquatic or terrestrial (hereafter simply habitat) is a species trait commonly used in functional diversity studies (Sobral, Lees, & Cianciaruso, ; Wilman et al., ) and often related to species diversity (Kozak & Wiens, ; Rodrigues & Diniz‐Filho, ; Wiens, ). However, despite this great importance of habitat to species biology, until now no study has evaluated whether niche evolution is similar between aquatic and terrestrial species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic niche evolution in turtles is characterized by phylogenetic conservatism for both aquatic and terrestrial species

Rodrigues

Villalobos

Iverson

et al. 2018

J of Evolutionary Biology

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Understanding how the climatic niche of species evolved has been a topic of high interest in current theoretical and applied macroecological studies. However, little is known regarding how species traits might influence climatic niche evolution. Here, we evaluated patterns of climatic niche evolution in turtles (tortoises and freshwater turtles) and whether species habitat (terrestrial or aquatic) influences these patterns. We used phylogenetic, climatic and distribution data for 261 species to estimate their climatic niches. Then, we compared whether niche overlap between sister species was higher than between random species pairs and evaluated whether niche optima and rates varied between aquatic and terrestrial species. Sister species had higher values of niche overlap than random species pairs, suggesting phylogenetic climatic niche conservatism in turtles. The climatic niche evolution of the group followed an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck model with different optimum values for aquatic and terrestrial species, but we did not find consistent evidence of differences in their rates of climatic niche evolution. We conclude that phylogenetic climatic niche conservatism occurs among turtle species. Furthermore, terrestrial and aquatic species occupy different climatic niches but these seem to have evolved at similar evolutionary rates, reinforcing the importance of habitat in understanding species climatic niches and their evolution.

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Introductions do not compensate for functional and phylogenetic losses following extinctions in insular bird assemblages

Cited by 69 publications

References 55 publications

Effect of distance, area, and climate on the frequency of introduction and extinction events on islands and archipelagos

Effect of distance, area, and climate on the frequency of introduction and extinction events on islands and archipelagos

Compensatory dynamics maintain bird phylogenetic diversity in fragmented tropical landscapes

Climatic niche evolution in turtles is characterized by phylogenetic conservatism for both aquatic and terrestrial species

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