Introduction

Abstract

In January of 1947, Simone de Beauvoir flew from Paris to New York to begin her first tour of the United States. It was to be a momentous four months. Under the auspices of the French government, Beauvoir gave two dozen lectures at colleges and universities across the country on the topic “the ethical problems of the post-war writer.” Her friendship with the novelist Richard Wright and his wife, Ellen, who took her under their wing during her whirlwind first weeks in New York, sensitized her to the pervasiveness of racism that she would witness in America, which she chronicled with startling (and, still, underappreciated) insight in ...

An analysis of Swahili verbal inflection and derivational morphemes: An item and arrangement approach

“…Adding affixes, such as prefixes, suffixes, and infixes, to the stem of the provided word or words is known as affixation (Bauer & Katamba, 2009). Due to the possibility of bound morphemes being roots or affixes, affixation falls under the purview of morphology.…”

“…Affixation is widely used in the emergence of new words and word structures. According to Katamba (2009), affixation is frequently represented by bound morphemes combined with other morphemes, such as roots. Ishaku's (2020) study on syntactic errors in essays of HND1 students at Federal Polytechnic, Mubi, Adamawa State, highlights the various factors contributing to these errors, such as language mastery, interference from the student's first language, and negligence, ultimately affecting students' academic performance.…”

Semantic Variations in Punjabi Circumfixal Pattern: An Optimality Theory Analysis

“…Circumfixation is a type of affixation whereby an affix made up of two separate parts surrounds and attaches to a root or stem at the same time. Bauer (2003) argues that in circumfix, a prefix and suffix act together to surround a base. Punjabi example nɪkəmma "incompetent" designates the insertion of affixes (prefix ni-and suffix ma) with root word kəm (N) "work".…”

“…In Japanese, the honorific circumfix o--ninaru and o--suru are used; for example, yomu → o-yomi ni naru (respectful), o-yomi suru (humble) (Boeckx, 2004). The circumfix is, probably, well defined under the German example of ge-and t (Bauer 2003) as in ge-film-t "filmed" in English. Dutch also has a similar system (spelen-gespeel-din this case) (Alan2004).…”