Introduction to the Immune System

McComb, Scott; Thiriot, Aude; Akache, Bassel; Krishnan, Lakshmi; Stark, Felicity C.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-9597-4_1

Cited by 109 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…We will begin with a brief discussion of the individual elements of the immune response. The immune system includes the thymus (development and selection of T lymphocytes) and bone marrow (maturation of B lymphocytes) [31]. In these organs, as a result of negative selection, 90% of T and B cells die during differentiation, and the remaining 10% are immunocompetent lymphocytes.…”

Section: Zinc and The Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The body has a powerful arsenal to effectively destroy cancer cells, consisting primarily of natural killer cells (NK), Tc lymphocytes (cytotoxic lymphocytes), macrophages, granulocytes, cytokines secreted by immunocompetent cells, and antibodies. These elements are included in the immune response [31]. We distinguish two main mechanisms of this response: non-specific and specific.…”

Section: Zinc and The Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We distinguish two main mechanisms of this response: non-specific and specific. The non-specific response works when the continuity of external protective barriers has been broken, and consists in activation of the following: macrophages, granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils), natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells, and the complementary system (they function via a mechanism of specific and non-specific immunity) [31,34]. The specific response involves B and T lymphocytes, whose activity is directed against antigens specific to particular microbial species.…”

Section: Zinc and The Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…B lymphocytes bind free antigens, differentiate into plasma cells that synthesize immunoglobulins, and present antigens to T lymphocytes to obtain the aid of T helper (Th) lymphocytes in antibody production. The binding of an antibody to an antigen means its destruction [31,35]. T helper (Th) lymphocytes, which facilitate the activation, proliferation, and differentiation of B lymphocytes, are precursors of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (Tc), stimulate macrophages, and secrete cytokines [31].…”

Section: Zinc and The Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Zinc in Immune System and Anti-Cancer Defense Mechanisms

2019

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The human body cannot store zinc reserves, so a deficiency can arise relatively quickly, e.g., through an improper diet. Severe zinc deficiency is rare, but mild deficiencies are common around the world. Many epidemiological studies have shown a relationship between the zinc content in the diet and the risk of cancer. The anti-cancer effect of zinc is most often associated with its antioxidant properties. However, this is just one of many possibilities, including the influence of zinc on the immune system, transcription factors, cell differentiation and proliferation, DNA and RNA synthesis and repair, enzyme activation or inhibition, the regulation of cellular signaling, and the stabilization of the cell structure and membranes. This study presents selected issues regarding the current knowledge of anti-cancer mechanisms involving this element.

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Section: Zinc and The Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Zinc and The Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Zinc and The Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Zinc and The Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Role of Zinc in Immune System and Anti-Cancer Defense Mechanisms

2019

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“…This system is composed of neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells (DC) and NK cells, and numerous soluble mediators secreted by these cells, including cytokines and chemokines [49]. By itself, this system is powerful enough to clear an aggression without harm [50,51] but also in special circumstances to turn against its own by sustaining inflammation, over time leading to chronic inflammatory diseases [52][53][54]. Among these are, for example, rheumatoid diseases, atherosclerosis, cancer, or asthma, the precursory stages of which may be arising very early in life [55,56].…”

Section: Aging-associated Changes In the Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunosenescence is both functional/adaptive and dysfunctional/maladaptive

et al. 2020

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Alterations in the immune system with aging are considered to underlie many age-related diseases. However, many elderly individuals remain healthy until even a very advanced age. There is also an increase in numbers of centenarians and their apparent fitness. We should therefore change our unilaterally detrimental consideration of age-related immune changes. Recent data taking into consideration the immunobiography concept may allow for meaningful distinctions among various aging trajectories. This implies that the aging immune system has a homeodynamic characteristic balanced between adaptive and maladaptive aspects. The survival and health of an individual depends from the equilibrium of this balance. In this article, we highlight which parts of the aging of the immune system may be considered adaptive in contrast to those that may be maladaptive.

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Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS)

2023

Handbook of Skin Disease Management

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Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an autoinflammatory skin disease affecting roughly 1-4% worldwide. Symptoms of HS include abscesses, sinus tracts and scarring, which can cause immense pain and discomfort for patients. The disease impacts the pilosebaceous units in apocrine gland-bearing regions with skin-to-skin contact. Thus far, the cause of HS is unknown, however, hyperkeratosis of the follicular epithelium is most likely the first event in the development of HS lesions. Current treatment options range from topical-and systemic treatments, light therapy, and biological agents to surgical intervention. These therapies do not warrant optimal results; therefore, the aim of this report is to choose new potential drug targets.In that respect, we present specific isoforms of aquaporins (AQP3 and AQP5) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-8, and MMP-9) as possible targets that may be involved in the early and late stages of HS, respectively. Although the particular roles of AQP3 and AQP5

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Introduction to the Immune System

Cited by 109 publications

References 27 publications

Role of Zinc in Immune System and Anti-Cancer Defense Mechanisms

Role of Zinc in Immune System and Anti-Cancer Defense Mechanisms

Immunosenescence is both functional/adaptive and dysfunctional/maladaptive

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS)

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