Introduction to Organic Light‐Emitting Diode (OLED)

Abstract

Tremendous progress has been made in the development of organic light‐emitting diode OLED science and technology. Active matrix OLED with its superb overall display image quality, response time, viewing angle, contrast ratio, power efficiency, lightweight, and thin and flexible form factor is positioned to become a viable and successful commercial technology and one of the next mainstream displays in the marketplace. In addition, differing from LED, white OLED lighting has many advantages in that it is an area/surface, thin/lightweight luminaire capable of delivering uniform, warm (almost sun‐like) illumination without noise/glare nor much heat dissipation problem. But, most of all, future OLED lighting can also be transparent and flexible – a feature that is unrivaled by any other competing solid‐state lighting technology. This chapter attempts to provide the reader with as complete a story as possible covering the past, present, and future trends of technology and product development of OLED. It is organized into six sections that include (i) introduction; (ii) OLED basics; (iii) materials; (iv) devices; (v) applications; (vi) summary and Outlook, in addition to an extensive list of relevant references in the end for further information and study.

Density Functional Studies on Photophysical Properties of Boron-Pyridyl-Imino-Isoindoline Dyes: Effect of the Fusion

“…Furthermore, the comparable reorganization energy for electrons (λ e ) and holes (λ h ) is beneficial to achieving charge balance and further to enhancing exciton production in the emitter. Charge balance in OLEDs has been shown to be favorable for reducing driving voltage and increasing electroluminescence efficiency and luminous efficiency as well as fabricating single-layer devices. , From the calculated data of vertical and adiabatic IP and vertical and adiabatic EA of 1 – 5 (collected in Table ), the IP v of 2 – 5 are much lower than that of 1 , indicating a better ability to inject holes. Compared to 1 , the EA v values of 2 , 4 , and 5 are higher, suggesting the ability to inject electrons from the electron transport layer/host material to the emitter is greater.…”

A systematic review on 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives as emissive materials in organic light-emitting diodes

“…Since the OLED working is based on the holeelectron recombination in the EML, the color emitted by a NI-based device depends primarily on the electronic features of the material [4,[80][81][82][83]. Moreover, the variations in the chemical, photophysical and excited-state optical behavior of NIs are extremely sensitive to the nature and position of the substituents in the aromatic system [66,[84][85][86].…”