A systematic review on 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives as emissive materials in organic light-emitting diodes

Abstract

Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) have garnered significant research attention owing to their immense application prospects in leading technologies for full-color flat panel displays and eco-friendly solid-state lighting. They demonstrate exceptional features such as mercury-free construction, wide viewing angle, superior color quality and captivating flexibility. The requirements of light-emitting organic materials pertaining to high stability, lifetime and luminescence quantum yield, combined with the fabrication of devices with high performance efficiency, are highly challenging. Rational molecular design of 1,8-naphthalimide (NI) derivatives can offer quite promising results in achieving standard-light-emitting materials with a wide range of colors for OLED applications. This review is mainly focused on the synthesis and usage of varyingly substituted NI frameworks as luminescent host, dopant, hole-blocking and electron-transporting materials for OLEDs that emit not only red, orange, green and blue colors, but also function as white emitters, which can really have an impact on reducing the energy consumption. The future prospects that could be explored to improve the research in the highly promising field of OLEDs are also discussed. Graphical abstract

A bipolar host material for the construction of triplet-energy level for white phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes

“…Distillation (340 C, 1-3 torr) provided a crude product (225 g, 81.6%); recrystallization (EtOH) yielded 2 as colorless platelets (192 g, 60%). 1 H NMR (500 MHz, 25 C, CDCl 3 ; d, ppm): 7.45 (d, J ¼ 8.5 Hz, 4H), 7.01 (d, J ¼ 8.5 Hz, 4H), 3.68 (s, 4H).…”

“…Aer cooling to room temperature over 3 h, the dark red crystals were ltered off, washed with MeOH, and dried in vacuo (0.995 g, 74%). 1…”

“…Low-energy-consumption lighting has prompted considerable research effort toward its potential use in other high-efficiency products, such as the development of white organic light emitting diodes (WOLEDs) for applications. 1 Based on the techniques of vacuum thermal evaporation, spin-coating used in thin lm deposition, and 3D-printing active optoelectronic devices, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) can be fabricated as devices that are light-weight, inexpensive, exible, and transparent. [2][3][4][5][6] Although OLEDs for lighting applications can be fabricated with low consumption of electrical energy and economical processing, device efficiency and lifetime still remain among the challenges.…”

Naphthalimide‐Hydroxyquinoline Conjugates for Discriminative Detection of Nitro Aromatic Compounds in Aqueous Medium and Soil Sample

“…In literature, Supramolecular self‐assembly is being explored to design functional material for NACs because large surface‐to‐volume ratio and the effective π‐π stacking between these molecules provides ordered molecular organization which enables long‐range exciton migration and their quick annihilation by explosive quencher [24] . In this context, 1,8‐naphthalimide derivatives which have strong tendency to form intermolecular π‐π stacking to control photophysical properties, and possibility of synthetic modifications either on the naphthalene ring or at the N‐imide position with different functional group emerged as promising scaffold [25–28] . The 1,8‐naphthalimide derivatives have absorbance and fluorescence maxima in the visible and red region, high fluorescence quantum yield, good cell permeability properties which are suitable for practical application in biological system and presence of electron withdrawing imide group with planar structure facilitate intramolecular charge transfer in solution [25] .…”

“…[24] In this context, 1,8naphthalimide derivatives which have strong tendency to form intermolecular π-π stacking to control photophysical properties, and possibility of synthetic modifications either on the naphthalene ring or at the N-imide position with different functional group emerged as promising scaffold. [25][26][27][28] The 1,8naphthalimide derivatives have absorbance and fluorescence maxima in the visible and red region, high fluorescence quantum yield, good cell permeability properties which are suitable for practical application in biological system and presence of electron withdrawing imide group with planar structure facilitate intramolecular charge transfer in solution. [25] Moreover, strong intermolecular H-type π-π stacking interaction of planar unsubstituted 1,8-naphthalimide core result in the formation of excimers.…”