Introduction to metabolomics and its applications in ophthalmology

Tan, Shi Zhuan; Begley, Paul; Mullard, Graham; Hollywood, Katherine A.; Bishop, Paul N.

doi:10.1038/eye.2016.37

Cited by 71 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Actual composition and level of small molecules can be considered as a chemical reflection of a current phenotype of a particular biological system. Metabolomics is nowadays frequently implemented to understand pathophysiological processes responsible for disease occurrence and progression which may indicate novel therapeutic targets or propose molecules useful as diagnostic or prognostic markers . Several scientific reports describing an application of metabolomics in ophthalmology have been published.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metabolomics is nowadays frequently implemented to understand pathophysiological processes responsible for disease occurrence and progression which may indicate novel therapeutic targets or propose molecules useful as diagnostic or prognostic markers . Several scientific reports describing an application of metabolomics in ophthalmology have been published. However, the studies on metabolic changes in human AH in relation to particular eye diseases are limited .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An exploratory LC‐MS‐based metabolomics study reveals differences in aqueous humor composition between diabetic and non‐diabetic patients with cataract

et al. 2018

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Cataract is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Epidemiological studies revealed up to a fivefold increased prevalence of cataracts in diabetic subjects. Metabolomics is nowadays frequently implemented to understand pathophysiological processes responsible for disease occurrence and progression. It has also been used recently to study the metabolic composition of aqueous humor (AH). AH is a transparent fluid which fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. It supplies nutrients and removes metabolic waste from avascular tissues in the eye. The aim of this study was to use metabolomics to compare the AH of diabetic and non-diabetic patients undergoing cataract surgery. Several antioxidants (methyltetrahydrofolic acid, taurine, niacinamide, xanthine, and uric acid) were found decreased (-22 to -61%, p-value 0.05-0.003) in AH of diabetics. Also amino acids (AA) and derivatives were found decreased (-21 to -36%, p-value 0.05-0.01) while glycosylated AA increased (+75-98%, p-value 0.03-0.009) in this group of patients. Metformin was detected in AH of people taking this drug. To our knowledge, this is the first metabolomics study aiming to assess differences in AH composition between diabetic and non-diabetic patients with cataract. An increased oxidative stress and perturbations in amino acid metabolism in AH may be responsible for earlier cataract onset in diabetic patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An exploratory LC‐MS‐based metabolomics study reveals differences in aqueous humor composition between diabetic and non‐diabetic patients with cataract

et al. 2018

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“…This approach has aided in gaining insight into the pathogenic mechanisms underlying various cancers, diabetes and psychosis as well as eye disease 18, 19 . Nuclear magnetic resonance identified biomarker characteristics of patients afflicted with lens-induced uveitis or chronic uveitis 20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in retinal metabolic profiles associated with form deprivation myopia development in guinea pigs

Yang

Reinach

Zhang

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Retinal metabolic changes have been suggested to be associated with myopia development. However, little is known about either their identity or time dependent behavior during this sight compromising process. To address these questions, gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) was applied to compare guinea pig retinal metabolite levels in form deprivation (FD) eyes at 3 days and 2 weeks post FD with normal control (NC) eyes. Orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) models discriminated between time dependent retinal metabolic profiles in the presence and absence of FD. Myopia severity was associated with more metabolic pattern differences in the FD than in the NC eyes. After 3 days of FD, 11 metabolite levels changed and after 2 weeks the number of differences increased to 16. Five metabolites continuously decreased during two weeks of FD. Two-way ANOVA of the changes identified by OPLS indicates that 15 out of the 22 metabolites differences were significant. Taken together, these results suggest that myopia progression is associated with an inverse relationship between increases in glucose accumulation and lipid level decreases in form-deprived guinea pig eyes. Such changes indicate that metabolomic studies are an informative approach to identify time dependent retinal metabolic alterations associated with this disease.

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“…Although the number of metabolomics libraries and the amount of knowledge increase every day, there are still several peaks in spectra that cannot be linked to known metabolites or metabolic pathways. In addition, there are many detectable metabolites; therefore, a proper statistical analysis must be performed to account for multiple comparisons and a high level of false positives (e.g., Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate-controlling procedure) [2,5,6,[68][69][70][71][72] . Due to the large number of detectable metabolites, in particular in the spectra of ex vivo tissue and biofluid samples, quantification of individual metabolites is often not feasible.…”

Section: Pitfalls Of Metabolomic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Metabolomics and Glaucoma

Breda

Himmelreich²,

Ghesquière³

et al. 2017

Ophthalmic Res

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Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. However, there are no biomarkers that accurately help clinicians perform an early diagnosis or detect patients with a high risk of progression. Metabolomics is the study of all metabolites in an organism, and it has the potential to provide a biomarker. This review summarizes the findings of metabolomics in glaucoma patients and explains why this field is promising for new research. We identified published studies that focused on metabolomics and ophthalmology. After providing an overview of metabolomics in ophthalmology, we focused on human glaucoma studies. Five studies have been conducted in glaucoma patients and all compared patients to healthy controls. Using mass spectrometry, significant differences were found in blood plasma in the metabolic pathways that involve palmitoylcarnitine, sphingolipids, vitamin D-related compounds, and steroid precursors. For nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, a high glutamine-glutamate/creatine ratio was found in the vitreous and lateral geniculate body; no differences were detected in the optic radiations, and a lower N-acetylaspartate/choline ratio was observed in the geniculocalcarine and striate areas. Metabolomics can move glaucoma care towards a personalized approach and provide new knowledge concerning the pathophysiology of glaucoma, which can lead to new therapeutic options.

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Introduction to metabolomics and its applications in ophthalmology

Cited by 71 publications

References 65 publications

An exploratory LC‐MS‐based metabolomics study reveals differences in aqueous humor composition between diabetic and non‐diabetic patients with cataract

An exploratory LC‐MS‐based metabolomics study reveals differences in aqueous humor composition between diabetic and non‐diabetic patients with cataract

Changes in retinal metabolic profiles associated with form deprivation myopia development in guinea pigs

Clinical Metabolomics and Glaucoma

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