Introduction to Hydrogen Technology

Abderezzak, Bilal

doi:10.1016/b978-1-78548-291-5.50001-9

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The most implemented cathode configuration in continuous CO 2 electroreduction to HCOOH and HCOO – has been the gas-diffusion electrode (GDE). ,, GDEs are composed of a catalytic layer and a gas-diffusion layer (GDL), which is a fibrous porous component that has two main functions: (i) to ensure uniform distribution of the reactant over the electrode surface, and (ii) to enhance the transport of electrons to or from the external electrical circuit . Detailed reviews on GDEs for CO 2 reduction are available in literature. , In general, GDEs are composed of a carbon fibrous substrate, a microporous layer, which sometimes may not be present, and a catalytic layer (Figure ).…”

Section: State Of the Art Of Continuous Electrochemical Co2 Reactors ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroreduction of CO₂: Advances in the Continuous Production of Formic Acid and Formate

et al. 2023

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The study of the electrochemical CO 2 reduction to obtain formate (HCOO − ) or formic acid (HCOOH) is receiving much attention as a promising technology. Since continuous−mode operation has become necessary for practical implementation of electrochemical CO 2 reduction, recent years have seen a rapid increase in the number of research approaches focusing on this aspect. This Focus Review provides a unified discussion of the available studies on the continuous electroreduction of CO 2 to HCOO − /HCOOH, considering the different important features of process design. Moreover, this paper quantitatively assesses the performance of different studies that involve continuous electrochemical reactors for converting CO 2 to HCOOH/HCOO − , comparing relevant typically used figures of merit, including energy consumption. Although some relevant trade-offs have already been achieved, the simultaneous optimization of all the figures of merit remains a challenge. Finally, concluding remarks highlight the detected trends and discuss relevant aspects that will have to be tackled by future studies in this field.

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Section: State Of the Art Of Continuous Electrochemical Co2 Reactors ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroreduction of CO₂: Advances in the Continuous Production of Formic Acid and Formate

et al. 2023

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“…AFC technology leverages a wide range of electrocatalysts, such as Ni, Ag, metal oxides, and noble metals . Their operating temperature ranges from 150 to 200 °C and cell output ranges from 300 W to 5 kW with an energy efficiency of 70% . AFC is sensitive to CO 2 , requiring thorough purification of H 2 from CO 2.…”

Section: Formic Acid Fuel Cells (Fafc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AFC is sensitive to CO 2 , requiring thorough purification of H 2 from CO 2. Concentrated KOH or NaOH serves as the electrolyte, presenting a chemical hazard risk in case of leakage …”

Section: Formic Acid Fuel Cells (Fafc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

From CO₂ to Formic Acid Fuel Cells

Legrand

Pahija

et al. 2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Formic acid is a liquid, safe, and energy-dense carrier for fuel cells. Above all, it can be sustainably produced from the electroreduction of CO2. The formic acid market is currently saturated, and it requires alternative applications to justify additional production capacity. Fuel cell technologies offer a chance to expand it, while creating an opportunity for sustainability in the energy sector. Formic acid-based fuel cells represent a promising energy supply system in terms of high theoretical open-circuit voltage (1.48 V). Compared to common fuel cells running on H2 (e.g., proton-exchange membrane fuel cells), formic acid has a lower storage cost and is safer. This review focuses on the sustainable production of formic acid from CO2 and on the detailed analysis of commercial examples of formic acid-based fuel cells, in particular direct formic acid fuel cell stacks. Designs described in the literature are mostly at the laboratory scale, still, with 301 W as the maximum power output achieved. These case studies are fundamental for the scale-up; however, additional efforts are required to solve crossover and increase performance.

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“…The membrane material in the fuel cells, impose a restriction in the temperature permissible to its performance. For example, commercial fuel cells, like Nafion by Dow-DuPont, that works below 100°C [19,23]. Hence, we use 60°C for this test, that is the closest temperature at which the commercial fuel cells work.…”

Section: Proton Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and characterization of poly(oxy-1,4-phenylenesulfonyl-1,4-phenylene) for proton exchange membranes

Lancheros¹,

Puerta²,

Jiménez³

et al. 2021

J Appl Eng Science

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Proton Exchange Membranes (PEMs) are materials developed with a focus on high-performance, low-cost features to achieve promising fuel cell technology in stationary, portable, and transportation facilities. In this study, we synthesized membranes from Poly (oxy-1,4-phenylenesulfonyl-1,4-phenylene) (PES) sulfonated with modification by adding nanoclay to improve the mechanical properties of PEMs. The sulfonation time and the concentration of nanoclays directly favored properties such as contact angle, water absorption, porosity, and mechanical properties. However, a higher concentration of nanoclays (e.g., 10% by weight) damages the mechanical properties of PES membranes specifically. The membrane with 5% by weight of nanoclay and a sulfonation time of 2 h achieved the best performance.

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Introduction to Hydrogen Technology

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Electroreduction of CO₂: Advances in the Continuous Production of Formic Acid and Formate

Electroreduction of CO₂: Advances in the Continuous Production of Formic Acid and Formate

From CO₂ to Formic Acid Fuel Cells

Development and characterization of poly(oxy-1,4-phenylenesulfonyl-1,4-phenylene) for proton exchange membranes

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Introduction to Hydrogen Technology

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Electroreduction of CO2: Advances in the Continuous Production of Formic Acid and Formate

Electroreduction of CO2: Advances in the Continuous Production of Formic Acid and Formate

From CO2 to Formic Acid Fuel Cells

Development and characterization of poly(oxy-1,4-phenylenesulfonyl-1,4-phenylene) for proton exchange membranes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Electroreduction of CO₂: Advances in the Continuous Production of Formic Acid and Formate

Electroreduction of CO₂: Advances in the Continuous Production of Formic Acid and Formate

From CO₂ to Formic Acid Fuel Cells