Introduction to Financing Terrorism: Case Studies

Freeman, Michael

doi:10.4324/9781315582429-1

Cited by 7 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…The growing literature on TF suggests that terrorist organizations such as Al-Shabaab in the Horn of Africa, the Taliban in Pakistan, the Irish Republican Army in Northern Ireland, and the Tamil Tigers in Sri Lanka, among other terrorist organizations, often engage in these kinds of illicit acts to fund and carry out their operations (Acharya et al, 2009;Freeman, 2011;Giraldo & Trinkunas, 2007;Silke, 1998). It was revealed that the Palestinian Liberation Organization made over $10,000,000 through illegal activities, while the Taliban made a profit of over $160,000,000 through the sale and distribution of opium (Freeman, 2016). This strategy is said to be a common channel through which most terror groups around the world sustain themselves (Levy & Yusuf, 2019).…”

Section: Methodology and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many of the studies on TF attribute a special place to James Adams' study on "The Financing of Terror" that was published in 1986: this study is largely considered to have opened the "Pandora's box" to the study of TF (Byman, 2005;McCulloch & Pickering, 2005;Naylor, 2004;Raphaeli, 2003). His analysis focused on the sources and instruments used by terror groups to fund their operations which in most cases involves a mix and deployment of licit (legitimate businesses) and illicit means such as racketeering, extortions, armed robberies, and trafficking in narcotics (Freeman, 2011(Freeman, , 2016Freeman & Ruehsen, 2013;Levitt & Jacobson, 2008;Vittori, 2011). However, it is important to note that, TF and CTF has gained more traction in the literature in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States (Barrett, 2012;Birkland, 2004;De Koker, 2006;Efobi & Asongu, 2016;Keatinge & Keen, 2019;Levi, 2010;Rock, 2016;Salami, 2018;Whitaker, 2010).…”

Section: Methodology and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Challenges of Combating Terrorist Financing in the Lake Chad Region: A Case of Boko Haram

2020

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Does counterterrorist financing (CTF) support the entire process of the global fight against terrorism? Finding answers to this question helps to address the difficulties facing relevant actors in defeating the Boko Haram (BH) terrorist group. This article examines the various funding strategies used by BH as well as the state, sub-regional and regional responses that have proven difficult in stemming the expansion of this terror group across the northeast and Lake Chad region. The study adopted qualitative research techniques through the use of Key Informant Interviews (KII) to gather data to address its central question. Findings of the article reveal that, regardless of the efforts toward containing the funding of this terror group, challenges remain in terms of the inability of relevant actors to operationalize the various CTF policies. Challenges include the institutional and techno-scientific challenges, the cui bono and prodest effect by beneficiaries of terrorism, uncoordinated CT strategies, the lack of political will by the relevant actors to address the challenge of TF and the structural conditions which render the CTF policies ineffective and help sustain the funding operations of this terror group. The study, among other things, suggests the implementation of various CTF policies and initiatives. Above all, effective border management and control besides effective intelligence and counterintelligence gathering systems to monitor and track the illicit flow of cash for terror-related activities should be an essential part of the initiatives. The strengthening of relevant institutions to address issues related to financial crimes, transnational threats, the arrest, and prosecution of sponsors of terrorism would enhance CTF. However, the CTF policies and initiatives require revitalization of the willingness of relevant actors to address the structural and systemic conditions facilitating BH funding activities across the Lake Chad region.

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Section: Methodology and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodology and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges of Combating Terrorist Financing in the Lake Chad Region: A Case of Boko Haram

2020

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“…Pearl concluded that the relationship between Uribe and Hugo Chávez, president of Venezuela, had largely made it impossible to achieve a fruitful dialogue (interview with Frank Pearl, 2018). Chávez was a key figure for Colombia’s peace process as Venezuela’s socialist project of Bolivarismo served as a point of reference for the guerrilla groups and because Chávez provided shelter, arms and other supplies the guerrilla groups needed (Freeman, 2017: 203–216). Thus, Santos arranged a meeting with Chávez to gain his support despite many personal differences (see Santos’ writings against Chávez, e.g.…”

Section: Methodology: a Biography Approach To Leadership For Peace Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Political leadership for peace processes: Juan Manuel Santos – Between hawk and dove

Ortiz

2020

Leadership

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Many studies have explored Colombia’s peace process with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – guerrilla group (2012–2016). Conflict negotiation literature indicates that the impact of leadership is particularly relevant to peace processes as leaders have to find a balance between war and peace. Still, little is known about the political leaders in charge. This study deals with the development of a political leader’s leadership in peace initiatives. It uses an in-depth case study of Colombia’s former President Juan Manuel Santos combining leadership and conflict negotiation literature to trace back the origins of his leadership. Santos, a controversial figure, represented a policy of reconciliation to negotiate with the opponents while also appearing tough in order to maintain his political base. Between hawk and dove, he initiated and signed the peace negotiation and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2016. I adopt a personal biography approach using biographical data to explore the origins of Santos’ beliefs and values, his competence and skills and the way others perceived him. Linking this leadership-centred argument with findings from the conflict negotiation suggests that a pragmatic and reconciliation-oriented leadership might be relevant to find solutions to protracted conflicts like the one in Colombia. Most importantly, it contributes to a significant claim: Leaders have at least some level of choice and their biographical factors are relevant for political outcomes.

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“…Statistics disclosed that in India, loss up to 20% of market share and firms face roughly 10% loss in revenue attributable to the counterfeit product. The sectors most tormented by counterfeiting are financing medicines, software, FMCG and automobile elements (Freeman, 2016).…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bayesian SEM analyses the cyber crime awareness in India

Ravichandran

Arulchelvan

2019

IJSSS

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Crime is a major phenomenon in the world and it is challenging normal life of human society in such crimes as murder, rape, robbery, and computer-related crimes. Cyber-related crimes have happened more to individuals and others. These computer-related crimes are the most important crime and challenging modern society by tracking, hacking, cracking, spamming and morphing through the online network. These trends in Indian media help in preventing cybercrime and creating social awareness to the public. This paper identifies prevention, victimisation, vandalism, terrorism, and impact of media and safety in the social media consolidate environment. In this emergent situation, media is playing an important role in creating cybercrime awareness. This complimentary aims to penetrate and recognise the relationships amongst the antecedents of impact of cyber news in the framework of the civic media incorporate environment by Bayesian approximation and suspect of the structural equation model.

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Introduction to Financing Terrorism: Case Studies

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Challenges of Combating Terrorist Financing in the Lake Chad Region: A Case of Boko Haram

Challenges of Combating Terrorist Financing in the Lake Chad Region: A Case of Boko Haram

Political leadership for peace processes: Juan Manuel Santos – Between hawk and dove

Bayesian SEM analyses the cyber crime awareness in India

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