“…As advances in technology have made real-time communication tools more affordable, synchronous instruction has increased in popularity (e.g. Barron et al, 2005;Cao, Griffin, & Bai, 2009;Chen, Chen, & Tsai, 2009;Hrastinski, 2008;Xenos, Avouris, Stravinoudis, & Margaritis, 2009). Research suggests that synchronous technologies in distance education can increase student-to-student interactions (Cao, Griffin, and Bai, 2009) and provide a more humanistic feel to communication (Loch & Reuschle, 2008).…”