Introduction of new subtypes and variants of hepatitis C virus genotype 4 in South Africa

Gededzha, Maemu P.; Selabe, Selokela G.; Kyaw, Thanda; Rakgole, J. Nare; Blackard, Jason T.; Mphahlele, M. Jeffrey

doi:10.1002/jmv.23215

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…HCV subtypes 2a and 2b are relatively common in North America, Europe and Japan and subtype 2c is found commonly in northern Italy [5,6] . HCV genotype 4 appears to be prevalent in north Africa and the Middle East [9,10] and genotypes 5 and 6 seem to be confined to South Africa and southeast Asia, respectively [11,12] . The north African data are based on information from only Egypt, Libya, Tunisia and Morocco.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C virus genotypes in north eastern Algeria: A retrospective study

Rouabhia¹

2013

WJH

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AIM:To determine the frequency of various hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes present in patients from north eastern Algeria. METHODS:This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of 435 HCV infected patients from northeast Algeria, detected in the Sadelaoud laboratory and diagnosed between January 2010 and December 2012. The patients were diagnosed with HCV infection in their local hospitals and referred to be assessed for HCV genotype before the antiviral treatment. Demographic information (sex, age and address), genotype, subtype and viral load were retrieved from the patient medical records. The serum samples were tested by the type-specific genotyping assay. RESULTS:The majority of the patients (82.5%) were from the central part of the examined region (P = 0.002). The mean age of the patients studied was 53.6 ± 11.5 years. HCV genotype 1 was the most frequent (88.7%), followed by genotypes 2 (8.5%), 4 (1.1%), 3 (0.9%) and 5 (0.2%). Genotype 6 was not detected in these patients. Mixed infection across the HCV subtypes was detected in twenty patients (4.6%). The genotype distribution was related to age and region. Genotype 1 was significantly less frequent in the ≥ 60 age group than in the younger age group (OR = 0.2; 95%CI: 0.1-0.5, P < 0.001). Furthermore, genotype 1 was more frequent in the central part of the examined region than elsewhere (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION:The HCV genotype (type 1b was dominant) distribution in Algeria is different from those in other northern countries of Africa.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C virus genotypes in north eastern Algeria: A retrospective study

Rouabhia¹

2013

WJH

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“…Both HCV genotypes and subtypes are differently distributed around the world . HCV genotyping is achievable by phylogenetic methods.…”

Section: Phylogenesis and Phylodynamic Of Hepatitis C Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…110 At present, these HCV genotypes affect most HCV patients in these geographic areas. [111][112][113] Both HCV genotypes and subtypes 114 are differently distributed around the world. 115 120,[125][126][127][128][129][130][131] HCV genotype 3 is endemic in Asia (39% of all infections), where also genotype 6 is widely distributed in the Southeast regions.…”

Section: The Phylogeny Of Genotypes B and Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

The phylogenetic approach for viral infectious disease evolution and epidemiology: An updating review

Ciccozzi

Lai

Zehender

et al. 2019

Journal of Medical Virology

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In the last decade, the phylogenetic approach is recurrent in molecular evolutionary analysis. On 12 May, 2019, about 2 296 213 papers are found, but typing “phylogeny” or “epidemiology AND phylogeny” only 199 804 and 20 133 are retrieved, respectively. Molecular epidemiology in infectious diseases is widely used to define the source of infection as so as the ancestral relationships of individuals sampled from a population. Coalescent theory and phylogeographic analysis have had scientific application in several, recent pandemic events, and nosocomial outbreaks. Hepatitis viruses and immunodeficiency virus (human immunodeficiency virus) have been largely studied. Phylogenetic analysis has been recently applied on Polyomaviruses so as in the more recent outbreaks due to different arboviruses type as Zika and chikungunya viruses discovering the source of infection and the geographic spread. Data on sequences isolated by the microorganism are essential to apply the phylogenetic tools and research in the field of infectious disease phylodinamics is growing up. There is the need to apply molecular phylogenetic and evolutionary methods in areas out of infectious diseases, as translational genomics and personalized medicine. Lastly, the application of these tools in vaccine strategy so as in antibiotic and antiviral researchers are encouraged.

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“…Генотипы 4 и 6 состоят из 17 и 24 редко встре-чающихся субтипов соответственно. Большин-ство из них преобладают на Ближнем Востоке, в некоторых регионах Африки, встречаются в странах Юго-Восточной Азии [21,33].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Molecular Epidemiology Features of Hepatitis C Virus Isolates From Different Regions of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia)

Semenov¹,

Ostankova

Gerasimova

et al. 2016

Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity

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According to WHO data about 3% of population are infected by hepatitic C virus (HCV) worldwide. Chronic hepatitis C is the leading cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, thus it becoming one of the global public health problems. Clinical manifestations are varied and depend mainly of the virus biological properties and its interaction with the host immune system. Determination of virus genotype and subtype is important for a better understanding of the epidemiological and virological features of the disease. The prevalence genotypes hepatitis C virus is varies in different geographical regions of the world. The data about HCV genotypes distribution in some Russian Federation regions are very limited, especially about HCV genotypes prevalence in Siberia, Far East and some rural regions. One of such regions is Yakutia. In our study we identified genetic variants of HCV in chronic hepatitis C patients with moderate and high viral load from Yakutia by direct sequencing of HCV RNA NS5B region. Based on phylogenetic analysis we found the prevalent genotype 1 (88.3%), than genotype 2 (6.7%) and 3 (3.2%) among HCV patients with moderate and high viral load. Our results on the prevalence of subtype 1b are consistent with the data on the connection between this subtype with high levels of viremia, greater duration and severity of liver disease, as well as the development of chronic hepatits C in patients infected by HCV subtype 1b, compared with those infected with other subtypes of hepatitis virus C. The similarity of some Yakutian isolates with isolates from the United States, Brazil and Ireland was found. We discuss HCV subtype 2a isolates identified origin from isolates found in China. First in the territory of the Russian Federation HCV subtype 3g was identified, presumably imported from South Asia. Interconnected use of molecular, virological, demographic and epidemiological methods and information to monitor the infections will contribute to the understanding of the current HCV epidemiology in Russia.

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Introduction of new subtypes and variants of hepatitis C virus genotype 4 in South Africa

Cited by 21 publications

References 32 publications

Hepatitis C virus genotypes in north eastern Algeria: A retrospective study

Hepatitis C virus genotypes in north eastern Algeria: A retrospective study

The phylogenetic approach for viral infectious disease evolution and epidemiology: An updating review

Molecular Epidemiology Features of Hepatitis C Virus Isolates From Different Regions of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia)

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