Introduction of Dianthins: A New Promising Horizon Toward Continuous Research on Breast Cancer Bulldozing in Iran

Abstract

The production and secretion of defense proteins are one of the protective mechanisms exploited by plants against pathogens. The production and secretion of defense proteins are one of the protective mechanisms exploited by plants against pathogens. Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins (RIPs), as the main class of these proteins, are considered to facilitate cancer therapy worldwide, because of the potential anticancer activity. Indeed, some of these proteins have cytotoxic and anticancer properties. Extracted from the carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus), Dianthin inhibits protein synthesis in many different cells. Methods: In this research, the Dianthins was isolated and purified from the leaves of D. caryophyllus, using ion-exchange chromatography column (CM-Sephadex G-50). Subsequently, its cytotoxicity effect on MCF-7 cell line was investigated. The cell cytotoxicity assessment was performed, using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), neutral red uptake, and alkaline comet assays at the concentrations of 1.25μg/ mL to 10μg/mL of the protein applying the MCF-7 cell line. Results: the toxin induces cell death, mostly via necrosis rather than apoptosis, but in the special range of concentrations. Conclusion: because of the severe side effects of chemotherapy drugs, this toxin can undergo more research as a new drug candidate against breast cancer.

Evaluation of the anti-cancer effect of Dianthin-30 on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line in 3D cell cultures

“…Induction of Dianthin-30 apoptosis in control samples and concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 μg/ml on cells in 3D culture increased with increasing dose of toxin were 2, 11.3, 16.7, 19.7 and 7 respectively. However, in 2D culture conditions and the above concentration, this effect was previously reported 6.33, 11.3, 8.3 and 9.6, respectively (1).…”

“…Also, the results of the neutral red test in this study showed that the inhibitory effect of this toxin on cell growth in the above concentrations was dosedependent and increased. However, in 2D culture conditions at a concentration of 5 μg/ml, this effect was previously reported to be 53.27 (1).…”

“…The assays were performed by adding Bradford reagent to the protein solution and measuring the OD of the solution at 595 nm. Protein content was obtained by comparing light absorption with a standard curve of a pure protein (1).…”

“…Breast cancer is the second common cancer in the world. it is still the leading cause of cancer death among women, Despite many advances in early diagnosis and treatment of this disease (1). Surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy are common treatment methods methods for breast cancer (2).…”

“…In recent years, various biological materials, such as Dianthin-30, which is an anti-cancer ingredient, have been investigated. Various studies have shown that many herbal toxins have been considered by many research and pharmaceutical centers due to their pharmacological importance and effectiveness in the treatment of some diseases such as cancers (1).…”