Introduction

Lewbart, Gregory A.

doi:10.1002/9781119569831.ch1

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In addition, it is the hope of the authors that publications describing diseases in captive HSCs (such as this) will lead to additional research on the care and management of these animals. Although multiple excellent publications are available on the care of captive HSCs 10,12 and their dissection, 2 histology, 5 and immune responses, 9 additional detailed studies are still needed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Histologic Findings in Captive American Horseshoe Crabs (Limulus polyphemus)

LaDouceur¹,

Mangus

Garner

et al. 2019

Vet Pathol

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Histopathology of 61 captive American horseshoe crabs (HSCs; Limulus polyphemus) is reviewed. HSC organs evaluated histologically included body wall (chitin, epidermis, dermis, and skeletal muscle), hepatopancreas, gut, gonads, book gills, eyes, heart, brain, and coxal gland. In descending order, lesions were most frequently identified in compound eye, body wall, book gills, hepatopancreas, chitinous gut, nonchitinous gut, heart, and brain; lesions were not observed in coxal gland or gonads. Hemocytes (also called amoebocytes) surrounded infectious agents and occluded ulcers. Large hemocyte aggregates had a central eosinophilic coagulum (ie, hemocyte coagulum). Cutaneous ulceration (34/60 cases), branchitis (29/48 cases), and ophthalmitis (17/20 cases) were common lesions and consistently associated with fungi, which were invasive into subjacent tissues, and/or bacteria, which were usually superficial. Fungal culture was performed in 3 cases and isolated Fusarium spp., although fungal morphology varied and multiple fungal species may have been present. Presumptive green algae were associated with ulceration in 1 case with minimal to no inflammation. Presumptive cyanobacteria were identified within a biofilm overlying the gills in 4 of 48 cases and were not invasive. Multifocal, random hepatopancreatitis was identified in 16 of 57 cases, 10 of which were associated with bacteria. Metacercarial cysts were identified in 25 of 61 cases and associated with minimal to no inflammation. Depleted eosinophilic globules in hepatopancreatic interstitial cells were interpreted as decreased nutritional status in 12 of 57 cases.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Histologic Findings in Captive American Horseshoe Crabs (Limulus polyphemus)

LaDouceur¹,

Mangus

Garner

et al. 2019

Vet Pathol

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“…It is commendable that in recent years a few veterinarians, including the two editors and many of the contributors to this volume, have gone further and chosen to participate wholeheartedly in studies on the diseases and pathology of invertebrates—the taxa that constitute at least 90% of the animal kingdom. 40,47 It seems fitting to conclude with the salient part of the Shakespearean quotation with which this Commentary started—“ The world’s mine oyster .” These four words remind us that, while an oyster may or may conceal a pearl, it is always worth investigating. Exciting opportunities in invertebrate pathology lie ahead.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Although the main focus was to remain orientated toward pathogens of relevance to pest control, 72,73 behind the scenes modest attempts were being made to understand how invertebrates kept for pleasure or commercial purposes might be kept healthy and to elucidate ways in which an understanding of the diseases and pathology of invertebrates might help conserve species rather than control their numbers. 31 Fields in which these advances were made included clinical treatment 60,61,75 –77 ; emergency care 13 ; anesthesiology 14 ; oncology 15,37,38,51 –53 ; hematology 68 ; legislation 22 ; the management of invertebrates in laboratories, 8,78 including the use of species such as scorpions, 20 spiders, 20,74 and leeches 9,69 as tools in medicine; the health of invertebrates in zoos and butterfly houses 18,19,21,56 ; the health of free-living butterflies, such as the North American monarch (milkweed) ( Danaus plexippus ) 1,46,70 ; the microbiota of insects and other invertebrates 61,62 ; host-parasite relations, 65,67,70 including the role of such organisms as Spiroplasma and Wolbachia ; the effects of climate change involving, inter alia , bleaching and death of colonies of corals 63 ; food hygiene, particularly in respect of shellfish and crustaceans; and the use of invertebrates to feed humans and livestock, 12,79 including wild birds. 17 In these and other endeavors, investigative pathology has played a pivotal role.…”

Section: Modern Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Captive invertebrate medicine, including pathology, truly came of age with the publication of Invertebrate Medicine , now in its third instar. 47 The reading material outlined above was supplemented by relevant publications, most now online, from bodies such as the Veterinary Invertebrate Society (VIS) (veterinaryinvertebratesociety.wordpress.com).…”

Section: Modern Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pests, plagues, pleurites, and pébrine: The history of invertebrate pathology from antiquity to 1900

Cooper

2023

Vet Pathol

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“…Similar to many insects, Eurycantha calcarata are vulnerable to a range of health concerns including environmental diseases, infectious diseases, and neoplasia ( 2 – 5 ). Furthermore, as captive populations of invertebrates, including the thorny devil stick insect, increase, interest in and advancement of their medical care has grown ( 4 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Evaluation of a Serum Transfusion Process in the Thorny Devil Stick Insect (Eurycantha calcarata)

et al. 2022

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The thorny devil stick insect (Eurycantha calcarata) is a common invertebrate maintained under human care. Blood (hemolymph) transfusions are a widely used therapeutic tool in other species, but investigation in terrestrial arthropods remains scarce. Study objectives were development and evaluation of a serum transfusion process in the thorny devil stick insect. Twenty-five clinically healthy adult insects (9.9–23.0 g) were enrolled and baseline body weights were collected. Hemolymph collection was not successful in males, thus, all were recipient only (n = 12, MR). Females were divided into donor (n = 4, FD) or donor and recipient (n = 9, FDR) groups. Females were manually restrained and up to 1 mL of hemolymph was collected from the abdominal segment caudal to the proximal hindlimb using an 18 g hypodermic needle and passive collection via gravity. Hemolymph was quantified, centrifuged, and the serum separated. Insects were then injected superficially at the lateral aspect of the abdomen with 0.01 mL/g FD serum (MR), lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) equal to collected hemolymph volume (FD), or a combination of FDR serum and LRS equal to collected hemolymph volume (FDR). Response to stimulation, surface temperature, and righting reflex and mortality were serially assessed for up to 24 h and 7 days, respectively, following injection. In FD, median (range) injected LRS dose was 0.04 (0.03–0.06) mL/g. In FDR, median (range) injected serum, LRS, and combined serum and LRS dose was 0.03 (0.02–0.04), 0.01 (0–0.04), and 0.04 (0.02–0.06) mL/g, respectively. A mild temperature increase (maximum +2.9°C) (MR n = 10, FD n = 3, FDR n = 8) and delayed righting reflex (MR n = 4, FD n = 3, FDR n = 7) occurred in a subset of insects following injection. Two deaths occurred at 2 min (n = 1, FDR) and 96 h (n = 1, FD) post-injection. This is the first report of serum transfusions in thorny devil stick insects, and while largely successful, minor to severe transfusion reactions may occur.

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Introduction

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Histologic Findings in Captive American Horseshoe Crabs (Limulus polyphemus)

Histologic Findings in Captive American Horseshoe Crabs (Limulus polyphemus)

Pests, plagues, pleurites, and pébrine: The history of invertebrate pathology from antiquity to 1900

Development and Evaluation of a Serum Transfusion Process in the Thorny Devil Stick Insect (Eurycantha calcarata)

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